The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Regulations on the Management of Leaders of Institutions"

 Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 23. Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Regulations on the Management of Leaders of Public Institutions" and issued a notice, requiring all regions and departments to strictly abide by them.

The full text of the Regulations on the Management of Leaders of Institutions is as follows.

Regulations on the Management of Leaders of Institutions

Chapter 1 General Provisions

Article 1 In order to strengthen and improve the management of leaders of public institutions, improve the selection and appointment mechanism and management and supervision mechanism, and build a team of high-quality professional leaders of public institutions with both political integrity and ability, loyalty and responsibility, in accordance with relevant intra-Party regulations and laws , to formulate this regulation.

Article 2 These regulations are applicable to the members of the leading bodies of the Party committees and the government directly under the provincial level and the public institutions affiliated to the departments, and the leaders of the public institutions affiliated to the standing committees of the people's congresses, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Commission for Discipline Inspection, the People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates, and mass organizations at or above the provincial level. member.

If the relevant intra-Party regulations and laws have other provisions on the management of the leaders of public institutions, such provisions shall prevail.

The selection and appointment of persons in charge of internal institutions of public institutions shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of Chapters II and III of these Regulations.

Article 3 The management of the leaders of public institutions shall adapt to the public welfare, service, professional, and technical characteristics of public institutions, follow the growth law of leaders, stimulate the vitality of public institutions, and promote the high-quality development of public welfare undertakings. At work, adhere to the following principles:

(1) Party-managed cadres and Party-managed talents;

(2) Possessing both ability and political integrity, putting morality first, from all corners of the world, and appointing people on their merits;

(3) The career is high, the people are suitable for the post, and the personnel are suitable;

(4) Pay attention to practical responsibility and work performance, which is recognized by the public;

(5) Graded and classified management;

(6) Democratic centralism;

(7) Act in accordance with regulations and laws.

Article 4 The party committee (party group) and its organization (personnel) department shall perform the management duties of the leaders of public institutions in accordance with the cadre management authority, and be responsible for the organization and implementation of these regulations.

Chapter II Qualifications and Qualifications

Article 5 The leaders of public institutions shall meet the following basic conditions:

(1) Good ideological and political quality, firm ideals and beliefs, consciously adhere to the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents", the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and resolutely implement Implement the party's theory, line, principles and policies, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", and achieve the "two maintenances", and consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in ideology, politics and actions.

(2) Strong organizational leadership ability, consciously implement democratic centralism, good at scientific management, communication and coordination, handling affairs according to law, and promoting implementation, with outstanding work performance.

(3) Good professional quality, familiar with relevant policies and regulations and industry development, and have the professional knowledge and professional ability to be competent for the job responsibilities.

(4) Have a strong sense of innovation, be diligent in learning, have the courage to explore, dare to overcome difficulties, have the tenacity to forge ahead and pursue excellence, and be able to effectively promote important innovations in technology, management, and systems.

(5) Have a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, and love public welfare undertakings; adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, be realistic and pragmatic, be diligent and dedicated, take responsibility, and faithfully perform the political and social responsibilities of public service; have a fighting spirit and fighting ability; Unity and cooperation, high prestige of the masses.

(6) Correctly exercise powers, adhere to principles, take the lead in practicing socialist core values, abide by professional ethics, be strict with oneself, and be honest and honest.

The basic conditions of leaders of public institutions in different industries should be adapted to the characteristics and requirements of the industry. Among them, the leaders of public institutions, ideological and cultural systems should insist that politicians run newspapers, journals, Taiwan and new media, and have a strong sense of ideological position; In the direction of running a school, consciously implement the fundamental task of building morality and cultivating people; leaders of scientific research institutions should adhere to the direction of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, adhere to the frontier of science and technology in the world, the main economic battlefield, the major needs of the country, the life and health of the people, and respect for scientific research. Work law, carry forward the spirit of scientists, and consciously practice the value concept of innovative technology, serving the country, and benefiting the people; leaders of public hospitals should adhere to the direction of serving the people's health, and have advanced management concepts and practical experience that adapt to the high-quality development of hospitals.

Party members and leaders should consciously perform the "one post and two responsibilities" of party building work. Leaders who are engaged in full-time party affairs should also be familiar with party building work and be good at doing ideological and political work.

Full-time leaders should take the lead in improving political judgment, political comprehension, and political execution, have the ability to control the overall situation, be good at managing the team and lead the team, and have a good democratic style.

Article 6 The leaders of public institutions shall possess the following basic qualifications:

(1) Generally, they should have a bachelor's degree or above.

(2) Those who are appointed to the leadership positions of management positions above the sixth level shall generally have more than 5 years of work experience.

(3) Those who are promoted from deputy positions of leadership positions in management positions to the principal positions shall have more than 2 years of working experience in the deputy positions; those who are promoted from the lower-level principal positions to the upper-level deputy positions shall have more than 3 years of experience in the lower-level principal positions.

(4) The leading group of the public institution that mainly provides public welfare services to the society with professional skills shall generally have the experience of engaging in professional work in the industry.

(5) Have the physical conditions to perform their duties normally.

(6) Meet other job qualification requirements stipulated by relevant intra-Party regulations, laws and regulations and industry competent authorities.

Article 7 The basic conditions of the person in charge of the internal organization of a public institution shall comply with the provisions of Article 5 of these regulations; the basic qualifications shall comply with the provisions of Article 6, Items 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 of these regulations. The person in charge of the establishment of the institution shall also have a professional educational background related to the position or have experience in professional work in the industry.

Article 8 If a leader or a person in charge of an internal organization is from a professional technical post to a management post, his qualifications for the post shall generally meet the provisions of Article 6 Items 1, 2, 5 and 6, and have corresponding professional and technical positions (posts). )working expierences. Among them, those who are directly appointed as leaders should also have certain management experience.

Article 9 For those who are particularly outstanding, or those who have special needs for their work such as selecting high-caliber and lacking talents to serve as leaders and persons in charge of internal institutions due to major national strategies, major projects, major projects, and key tasks, their qualifications may be appropriately relaxed.

Relaxation of qualifications and the transition from professional and technical positions to management positions to take up the leading position of the leadership team or the leadership position of a management position above the fourth level shall be strictly controlled and reported to the higher-level organization (personnel) department for approval.

Chapter III Selection and Appointment

Article 10 The party committee (party group) and its organization (personnel) department shall, in accordance with the cadre management authority, and in accordance with the different leadership systems of public institutions and the actual construction of the leadership team, put forward opinions on starting the selection and appointment of leaders.

The allocation of the leadership team of public institutions and the selection and appointment of leaders should be based on the needs of career development, strengthen overall consideration, scientific planning, timely selection of the best and the best, optimize the structure of age, major, experience, etc., and enhance the overall function of the leadership team.

Article 11 The selection and appointment of leaders of public institutions must be carried out in strict accordance with the approved or approved number of leadership positions and the post setting plan.

Article 12 The selection of leaders of public institutions is generally carried out by means of internal selection and external selection. According to the characteristics of the industry and the needs of the work, candidates can be selected by means of competition (employment), open selection (employment), and entrusting relevant institutions to select.

Article 13 To select the leaders of public institutions, democratic recommendation shall be carried out, the scope of people participating in democratic recommendation shall be reasonably determined, and the methods and methods of interview, research recommendation and meeting recommendation shall be standardized.

Article 14 For candidates for leadership positions in public institutions, they must be based on the selection and appointment conditions, combined with industry characteristics and post requirements, and comprehensively examine their morality, ability, diligence, performance, and integrity, and strictly control political, character, ability, and integrity. Style and integrity.

Article 15 Comprehensively analyze the inspection and assessment of candidates, their consistent performance, and the suitability of their positions, and make a comprehensive historical and dialectical evaluation, focusing not only on management ability, professional quality and work performance, but also on political quality, moral character, work style and clean government. situation, to prevent people from simply taking votes or points.

Article 16 The selection and appointment of leaders of public institutions shall strictly implement the reporting system for cadre selection and appointment work, and strictly abide by the relevant provisions of the party committee (party group) to discuss and decide on the appointment and removal of cadres. Appointment and dismissal decisions, or decisions to make recommendations or nominations.

Article 17 In the appointment of leaders of public institutions, the selection system, the appointment system and the appointment system shall be implemented according to different situations. For administrative leaders, the implementation of the appointment system will be gradually increased in accordance with the characteristics of the industry and the actual situation of the unit.

If the appointment system is implemented, the employment relationship is determined through the appointment notice, appointment letter, etc., and an appointment contract can be signed as needed. The job title and related benefits are valid during the employment period.

Article 18 Those who are appointed to the leadership positions of management positions below the third level shall be publicized within a certain range before taking office, and the publicity period shall not be less than 5 working days.

Article 19 Where a non-elected leader of a management post below the third level is appointed, a probationary period system shall be implemented. The trial period is generally 1 year.

Article 20 The method of selection and appointment of persons in charge of internal institutions of public institutions shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Articles 12 and 17 of these regulations. Institutions that mainly provide public welfare services to the society with professional skills can actively explore effective methods according to work needs, and invigorate and improve the internal employment system.

According to the management authority of cadres and the actual situation of different leadership systems of public institutions, if the administrative leader responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee is implemented, the decision on appointment and removal will be made by the party committee through collective discussion; if the administrative leader responsibility system is implemented, the main leaders of the party and government should make decisions on the candidates and other situations. Fully communicated, the party organization collectively discusses the decision on appointment and removal, or the party organization researches and proposes the proposed candidate, the party and government leadership meeting discusses collectively, and appoints and removes (appointment, dismissal) in accordance with regulations and laws, and can also be coordinated by higher-level party organizations according to work needs. Management, discuss and decide in accordance with the prescribed procedures.

Article 21 The specific procedures and requirements for the selection and appointment work shall be determined with reference to the "Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Leading Party and Government Cadres" and relevant regulations, and in combination with the actual situation of public institutions.

Chapter 4 Tenure and Tenure Objective Responsibilities

Article 22 The leadership team and leaders of public institutions shall generally implement a tenure system.

Each term is generally 3 to 5 years. The consecutive tenure of a leader in the same position is generally not more than 10 years. If the work has special needs, the tenure can be appropriately extended upon approval in accordance with the cadre management authority.

Article 23 The leadership team and leaders of public institutions shall generally implement the tenure target responsibility system.

The setting of the tenure goals should meet the requirements of being based on a new development stage, implementing new development concepts, building a new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development, reflecting the characteristics of different industries and different types of institutions, focusing on laying a foundation, benefiting the long-term, and seeking practical results.

Article 24 The tenure target shall be determined by the collective research of the leading group of the institution, and the tenure target of the leading group shall generally be reported to the competent authority (department) for approval or filing.

When setting the tenure target, the opinions of the unit's employee representative assembly or employee representatives shall be fully listened to, and the opinions of the service objects shall be reflected.

Chapter V Assessment and Evaluation

Article 25 The assessment of the leadership team and leaders of public institutions is mainly annual assessment and term assessment, and daily assessment and special assessment are carried out according to the actual work. The assessment and evaluation are based on job responsibilities, tenure goals, and daily management, focusing on political quality, performance orientation and social benefits, and highlighting the effectiveness of party building work.

Actively promote classified assessments, reasonably determine assessment contents and indicators based on industry characteristics and the actual situation of institutions, pay attention to improving assessment methods, and improve quality and efficiency.

Article 26 Comprehensively analyze and judge the evaluation situation and the daily understanding and grasp the situation, make evaluations objectively and impartially, form evaluation evaluation opinions, and determine the evaluation and evaluation order.

The evaluation grades of the annual assessment and tenure assessment of the leadership team are divided into excellent, good, average, and poor; the evaluation grades of the annual assessment and tenure assessment of leaders are divided into excellent, qualified, basically qualified, and unqualified.

The results of ordinary assessments and special assessments may be determined in the form of assessment reports, comments, rankings, or appraisals.

Article 27 The results of the assessment and evaluation shall be fed back to the leadership team and leaders in an appropriate manner, and serve as an important basis for the construction of the leadership team, the selection and appointment of leaders, training and education, management and supervision, incentives and restraints, and accountability.

Chapter 6 Communication and Avoidance

Article 28 Improve the exchange system for leaders of public institutions. The key objects of communication are generally full-time leaders, deputy leaders who are full-time engaged in party work, in charge of people and property, and other people who need to communicate due to their work.

Article 29 Actively promote the exchange of leaders between institutions in the same industry or similar industries, and make overall plans to promote the exchange of leaders between institutions and party and government organs, state-owned enterprises, and social organizations.

Leaders with strong professionalism should strengthen research, judgment and overall planning, and pay attention to giving full play to their professional expertise.

Article 30 Implement the system of avoiding post for leaders of public institutions. Those who have a relationship of husband and wife, direct blood relatives, collateral blood relatives within three generations, and close relatives by marriage shall not serve in the leadership team of the same institution, and shall not hold positions in the same unit that are directly subordinate to the same leader or have a direct superior-subordinate leadership relationship. It is not allowed to set up a management organization at the same level of the public institution where the leaders belong, or to be in charge of the organization (personnel), disciplinary inspection and supervision, auditing, and financial departments in charge of the liaison unit.

Article 31 Implement the system of avoiding the performance of duties by the leaders of public institutions. In the course of performing their duties, the leaders of public institutions should recuse themselves and their close relatives if they have interests or other circumstances that may affect the impartial performance of their duties.

Chapter VII Career Development and Incentive Guarantee

Article 32 Improve the training and education system for leaders of public institutions, strengthen ideological and political construction and ability training, strengthen industry-specific training, pay attention to practical training, and improve ideological and political quality, professional level and management ability.

Article 33 Coordinate various types of education and training, make full use of institutional resources such as party schools (administrative colleges), cadre colleges, and in principle, cover the entire training of leaders of public institutions every 5 years.

Article 34 The leaders of public institutions who have not reached the retirement age limit after the end of their term of office are suitable for continuing to engage in professional work, and their follow-up career development shall be encouraged and supported; other leaders shall make appropriate arrangements according to their actual and work needs.

Article 35 Improve the income distribution system for leaders of public institutions, implement the normal wage increase mechanism, and reasonably determine the performance salary level of leaders according to the types of institutions and funding sources, combined with the assessment results, so that their income and performance of duties are related to the unit. long-term development, and maintain a reasonable relationship with the average income level of the employees of the unit.

Article 36 The leaders of public institutions who have outstanding performance, outstanding achievements and contributions in their own work, who have made outstanding achievements and contributions in handling emergencies and undertaking special important work, or have other outstanding deeds, shall be subject to relevant regulations. Rewards are provided for. Pay attention to guiding and promoting leaders to act and fulfill their duties in promoting and accelerating scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, serving and guaranteeing people's livelihood, etc.

Article 37 Strengthen the humanistic care for the leaders of public institutions, carry out regular heart-to-heart talks, keep abreast of the situation, listen to opinions and suggestions, and help solve practical difficulties.

Do a good job of fault tolerance and correction in accordance with relevant regulations, tolerate mistakes made by leaders in reform and innovation, and create a good environment that encourages exploration and supports innovation.

Chapter VIII Supervision and Constraints

Article 38 The party committee (party group), discipline inspection and supervision organs, organization (personnel) departments, and industry competent departments shall perform their supervisory responsibilities for the leadership team and leaders of public institutions in accordance with management authority and division of responsibilities.

Article 39 The key contents of supervision are: to practice the "two safeguards", to be loyal to the party, to implement the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the decisions and arrangements of the party central committee, and the decisions of higher-level party organizations; to act in accordance with the law, and to implement democratic centralism system, performance of duties, responsibilities, conduct construction, selection and employment of personnel, management of state-owned assets, income distribution; implement comprehensive and strict governance of the party's main responsibilities and supervisory responsibilities, professional ethics, lead by example, abide by discipline, and be honest and self-disciplined.

Article 40 Improve the power operation mechanism of the leadership team of public institutions and the supervision and restriction mechanism of the leaders, especially the principals in charge, and build a strict and effective supervision system. Give full play to the leading role of intra-party supervision, promote the coordination of democratic supervision, administrative supervision, judicial supervision, audit supervision, financial and accounting supervision, mass supervision, and public opinion supervision, etc. Measures such as democratic life meetings, heart-to-heart conversations, inspections, reminders, letter inquiries, and admonitions are used to supervise the leadership team and leaders.

Strictly implement the "one report and two reviews" for the selection and appointment of cadres, leading cadres to report personal related matters, standardizing cadres' part-time jobs, going abroad for private purposes and running businesses with their spouses, children and their spouses, as well as economic responsibility auditing, accountability and other management Supervise relevant systems.

Article 41 If the leaders of public institutions commit violations of laws and regulations, they shall be dealt with and punished in accordance with regulations, disciplines and laws; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter IX Exit

Article 42 Improve the exit mechanism of leaders of public institutions, promote the ability of leaders to go up and down, enter and exit, and enhance the vitality of the team.

Article 43 The leaders of public institutions shall generally be removed from their current positions if they have any of the following circumstances:

(1) Reaching the age limit for office or the age limit for retirement;

(2) Those who are determined to be unqualified in the annual assessment and term assessment, or are determined to be basically qualified in the annual assessment for two consecutive years;

(3) Dismissing the employment relationship (employment contract) or not renewing the employment upon expiration of the term of employment;

(4) Those who are subject to accountability and should be removed from office;

(5) Those who are unsuitable to hold the current position and should be removed from office;

(6) Those who should be removed from office due to violation of laws and regulations;

(7) Unable to perform work duties normally for more than one year due to health reasons;

(8) Those who should be removed from their current post due to work needs or other reasons.

Article 44 The resignation system of the leaders of public institutions shall be implemented. Resignation includes resignation due to business, voluntary resignation, resignation due to blame and resignation ordered. Resignation procedures and employment restrictions after resignation shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations.

Article 45 The retirement of the leaders of public institutions shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations. If the leaders of public institutions are particularly outstanding, their dismissal (retirement) may be delayed upon approval in accordance with relevant regulations according to the needs of the work and the performance of their duties.

Article 46 If the leaders of public institutions quit their leadership positions to engage in professional work, the party committee (party group) of the unit shall study and report to the higher-level organization (personnel) department for approval, and they can no longer be managed as leaders.

Article 47 After the leaders of public institutions resign from their leadership positions, they shall continue to perform their confidentiality responsibilities, strictly implement confidentiality regulations, and implement relevant requirements for the management of the release period.

Chapter 10 Supplementary Provisions

Article 48 The Organization Department of the Central Committee may, in conjunction with relevant industry authorities, formulate and improve specific measures for the management of leaders of relevant industries and institutions in accordance with these regulations.

Article 49 Party committees at or below the city (prefecture, prefecture, league) level and directly under the government, as well as public institutions affiliated to departments, and leaders of public institutions affiliated to the Standing Committee of the People's Congress, the Political Consultative Conference, the Commission for Discipline Inspection, the People's Court, the People's Procuratorate, and mass organizations. For management, the Party committees of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate or improve specific measures with reference to these Provisions.

Article 50 The Central Organization Department is responsible for the interpretation of these regulations.

Article 51 These regulations shall come into force on the date of promulgation.

Tesla's management may have manipulated revenue from China to enrich themselves

 Tesla is a great company both in China and free world. It plans to increase investment 1.2billion yuan in China as reported by Reuters in Chinese. (https://www.reuters.com/article/tesla-shanghai-production-line-1126-idCNKBS2IB06L) 

There are 49 subsidiaries in China including Hong Kong as at the end of 2020, according to List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant in the EX-21.1 4 tsla-ex211_15.htm EX-21.1 to 10-K file. It generated 6.66 billion of revenue from China or 21% of gross revenue. The increase in 2020 of revenue from China was 3.87 billion or 123.49% compared to 2.56 billion or 20.24% increase from the United States, according to the 10-K document filed on 8 Feb 2021. On page 93, it could be inferred that vesting of stock option awards on directors relied on revenue and net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders before interest expense, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation reported in the financial statements. EBITDA is revenue minus operating costs. Chief executives’ stock options vesting relied heavily on the growth of revenue in China.

However, be cautious about the numbers reported in the financial statements when calculating p/e ratio to arrive at the intrinsic value. Its p/e ratio was 306.29 at 21 January 2022.The audit papers of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, the component auditor in relation with the Tesla's operation in China haven't been inspected for consecutive three years from 2018 to 2020 by PCAOB, according to the information filed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP on PCAOB’s website, the group auditor or major auditor. (https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international/china-related-access-challenges/china-referred-work?searchWithin=tsla). Overstatement of earnings or revenue of China operation could lead to overstatement of consolidated earnings or revenue through the process of consolidating after translating into US dollar from Chinese Yuan. The Chinese Yuan/USD was too expensive some Chinese thought. Chinese censorship system may cover up business scandals which could become a surprise strike on stock market performance someday.

Electronic cars made in China consume energy which could encourage genocide and crime against humanity. 320 million tons of coals were produced in Xinjiang in 2021, mostly converted to electricity or gas, where genocide is undergoing. (http://www.coalchina.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=10&id=136058)

There’s guanxi culture in China which means that without bribery or corruption business is hard to continue. Corruption in China therefore could only be encouraged also because Chinese accountancy firms are also influenced heavily by government. It could lead to understatement risk of contingent liabilities and provisions regarding environment pollution, forced demolition of private homes and forced labour. Guanxi culture also means that if the political figure the business relies on failed to keep job in political fight, the business was likely to be given a heavy surprise. It means any company with investment in communist China may fit for bottom straddle strategy. 

IP theft risk is also significant in China which could give rise to risk of overstatement of intangibles. 

Tesla’s calculation may possibly be based on population number 1.4 billion of Chinese. There are many reports in Chinese that there are only 800 million Chinese living in China(https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/lxy-01092018110111.html; https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/21/8/6/n13143176.htm)

 If Tesla couldn't learn lessons of other US companies in China, Tesla could be another victim of Chinese communist theft. Even with the greatest technology could be defeated by technology thief.

Genocide in Xinjiang produced 320 million tons of coals, the fourth largest production in China.

 

Translated from China Coal Industry Association website

In 2021, the key words of coal production regions:

　　﹒ Both annual and monthly production hit record highs

　　﹒ Chongqing withdraws from coal mining, and the number of coal-producing provinces drops to 23

　　﹒ 100 million tons province reduced by 2

　　﹒ The output of 6 million-ton coal-producing provinces has all increased, and the output of Shanxi is close to 1.2 billion tons

　　﹒ 11 provinces with more than 50 million tons of production accounted for 95.5%

　　﹒ The total output of provinces below 10 million tons is less than 1% of the country

　　In recent months, under the premise of ensuring the safety of coal production, the major coal-producing provinces have implemented the coal supply guarantee work layer by layer. According to the latest data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the production of raw coal for the whole year and the monthly output in December both hit record highs, adding a strong touch to the role of coal as a ballast in my country's energy security.

　　1. Annual and monthly national raw coal production hit a record high

　　According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2021, the raw coal output of coal enterprises above designated size in the country was 4.07 billion tons, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%; compared with 3.974 billion tons in the previous year of the country's highest raw coal production (2013), an increase of 96 million tons and a record high .

　　In December 2021, the raw coal output of coal enterprises above designated size reached 380 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%, and the monthly output reached a record high.

　　2. The output of the 6 million-ton coal-producing provinces has all increased

　　In 2021, there were 6 provinces with coal production above designated size exceeding 100 million tons. Among them, Shanxi (1.193 billion tons) and Inner Mongolia (1.039 billion tons) both exceed 1 billion tons; Shaanxi (700 million tons), Xinjiang ( 320 million tons), Guizhou (131 million tons), Anhui (113 million tons), the total output of the six provinces was 3.496 billion tons, an increase of 6.68% year-on-year, accounting for 85.9% of the raw coal output of coal enterprises above designated size in the country, and the proportion increased by 1.6% over the previous year. The output of the 6 provinces increased by 218.82 million tons year-on-year, accounting for 119% of the national increase.

　　3. The annual output exceeds 50 million tons in 11 provinces

　　In 2021, there were 11 provinces with an annual output of more than 50 million tons, with a total output of 3.89 billion tons, a year-on-year increase of 5.5%, accounting for 95.5% of the national output.

　　The number of provinces with more than 50 million tons was the same as the previous year, but the structure changed. The number of provinces producing 100 million tons of coal decreased by 2 compared with the previous year. They are Henan Province (93.35 million tons in 2021, 105 million tons in 2020) and Shandong Province (93.12 million tons in 2021, 111 million tons in 2020). Correspondingly, the number of provinces with 50 million tons to 100 million tons increased to 5 (3 in the previous year). Among the 11 provinces, except Henan surpassed Shandong and its output ranking rose to 7th, the output ranking of other provinces did not change.

　　4. The output of provinces with output less than 10 million tons continued to decline

　　In 2021, Chongqing withdrew from the coal mining field, and the number of coal-producing provinces in the country was reduced to 23. The number of coal-producing provinces with annual output less than 10 million tons increased to 8, namely Jiangsu (9.343 million tons), Jilin (8.753 million tons), Hunan (7.234 million tons), Fujian (5.407 million tons) and Guangxi (2.797 million tons) , Jiangxi (2.134 million tons), Hubei (297,000 tons) and Chongqing (for comparability, including Chongqing), an increase of 2 over the previous year. Among the 8 provinces, the output of 6 provinces decreased, and the output of 2 provinces increased. The total output was 35.965 million tons, a decrease of 16.382 million tons or 31.3% over the previous year; down 0.47 percentage points.

There were serious financial problems in Communist Shaanxi Government in 2020

 Audit Department of Communist Shaanxi  found the financial problems in auditing accounts of Shaanxi Government for year 2020 as follows:

The management of budget allocation is not standardized, and the discipline of budget execution is not strong. First, some provincial special fund expenditure budgets have not been broken down into units and projects. In 2020 , the provincial special fund expenditure budget approved by the Provincial Department of Finance has not been broken down into units and projects. Second, the provincial state-owned capital expenditure budget was issued late. In December 2020 , the Provincial Department of Finance issued the investment funds of the Provincial Enterprise Science and Technology Innovation Investment Fund and special funds for the development of high-level talents. Third , the budget execution rate of some departments and units is low. The implementation rate of the 2020 project expenditure budgets issued by the Provincial Department of Finance to some provincial budget units is low.

Some matters in the financial final accounts (draft) are inaccurate. One is to underestimate provincial income. In 2020 , the Provincial Department of Finance used the urban radioactive waste collection and storage fee income of 1.5455 million yuan as the financial stock fund, which is not included in the provincial income. Second, the income from state-owned capital has not been turned over to the general public budget in full. In 2020 , the Provincial Department of Finance was required to pay 257.14 million yuan to the general public budget from state-owned capital gains , and actually paid 200 million yuan, a shortfall of 57.14 million yuan.

Budget performance management needs to be strengthened. First, the provincial budget performance management system has not been fully established. In 2020 , the Provincial Department of Finance did not formulate performance management measures for provincial-level transfer payments to local governments, provincial-level department expenditures, and provincial-level policy expenditures, and revised performance management work assessment methods (trial) in accordance with the requirements of implementation plan. Second, the special fund performance self-assessment, evaluation and post-investment project evaluation were not carried out. In 2020 , the Provincial Development and Reform Commission did not form a performance self-assessment report such as special funds for the development of modern service industries as required, did not evaluate the performance of the provincial industrial structure adjustment guidance special funds, and did not carry out post-evaluation work on completed investment projects.

8 colleges and universities have no budget and over-budget expenditures of 13.8656 million yuan. 3 cities and counties have no detailed budget preparation; 1 county has no budget allocation of 65 million yuan.

4 counties and districts have not implemented the requirements for publicity of charging standards; 9 cities, counties and districts have irregular management of industry associations; 8 counties and districts have irregular management and use of employment stabilization funds; 2 counties and districts have not reached the level of employment stabilization training. The result is that the number of employed people is small or no one is employed. The publicity of employment stabilization policies in 2 counties and districts is not in place.

1 entity failed to implement the centralized government procurement system of 1.7718 million yuan, paid 1 million yuan in advance for the project in violation of regulations, and irregularly managed 2.9733 million yuan of project funds.

58 large-scale scientific research equipment in 2 colleges and universities failed to achieve shared benefits; The internal budget review system for scientific research projects and the integrity system for the use of funds have not been established in 3 colleges and universities.

3 enterprises continued to increase their reliance on debt financing; 2 enterprises did not strictly implement the loan and risk classification and fund collection system; 1 enterprise issued an overdue entrusted loan of 421 million yuan; in 3 enterprises there is a lack of evaluation system for property acquisition effect.

External financing exceeds the limit approved by the board of directors. The loan is approved in reverse process, and financing guarantee is provided to the subordinate enterprises that exceed the debt index . 7 projects of 2 enterprises suffered investment losses or poor returns .

1 industrial project in 1 district has not established a mechanism for linking public interests; 4 environmental improvement projects in 2 counties and districts are idle, while the 2counties' rural domestic sewage and garbage treatment is not in place; the public service level of the 6 resettlement communities in 3 counties is low.

5 counties and districts did not work in place for the protection of biodiversity in Qinling Mountains.

117 enterprises in 4 counties (new towns) are not strictly controlled for water intake (use); 4 counties and districts have insufficient coverage of the construction of supporting pipeline networks for sewage treatment plants;The operation of domestic waste landfills in 3 cities and counties is not compliant.

4,055,700 yuan of non-standard implementation of medical insurance reduction and exemption policies in 2 cities; 2,290,000 yuan of illegal payment by medical insurance institutions in 6 cities ; 5,798,100 yuan of medical insurance funds illegally enjoyed by some medical institutions in 9 cities through excessive medical treatment and evasion of fees 10,000 yuan; 2,923 people from 6 cities participated in the insurance repeatedly.

1,453 key groups in 3 cities did not receive 469,000 yuan of pension subsidy funds ; 1,767,300 yuan of interest was understated in pension insurance accounts in 9 cities.

36 counties and districts did not set up special funds for improving the implementation level of compulsory education; 18 cities, counties, districts and schools did not implement the government procurement system 12.8396 million yuan.

34 housing projects in 5 districts have not been approved for construction; 4 cities, counties and districts have not established housing rental information service platforms; 13 2,389 lessees in 1 city, county and district are not qualified for affordable housing program; 5 cities, counties and districts have 11,987,800 yuan of rent receivable and uncollected.

7 projects did not strictly implement the basic construction procedures; 2 projects increased investment by 51.4093 million yuan due to unreasonable design or non-standard management; 8 projects over-calculated investment; 4 projects exceeded budget estimates ; 6 projects' completion acceptance has not been organized after the trial operation has been completed for 3 years.

 5 enterprises did not contribute 687 million yuan to their subsidiaries; 6 enterprises did not have a sound legal person governance structure and internal control system; 3 enterprises retained special funds of 245 million yuan; the current accounts of 5 enterprises have been held for a long time and have not been cleared; 3 enterprises have long-term idle state-owned assets such as land; 55 construction projects of 8 enterprises are not strictly managed; 4 enterprises have not paid taxes and fees of 31 million yuan in time.

9 companies and 30 funds have a single fundraising channel , and the paid-in fund rate is only 33.65% ; 4 companies and 5 funds are not filed as required; 5 companies and 13 funds are idle with 829 million yuan; 753 million yuan of project investment in 4 funds of 2 enterprises has the risk of loss.

4 enterprises and their affiliated units did not strictly implement policies such as ecological environmental protection and land; 2 enterprises did not dispose of them within the prescribed time 11 " zombie companies " ; 3 companies have imperfect corporate governance structures; 3 companies have not fulfilled their business objectives, level reduction and other indicators.

CCP government made rules to exploit big data of small-micro enterprises in the name of helping financings and help SME subsidiaries of CCP enterprises get bank fund

 Notice of the General Office of the State Council on

Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for Strengthening the Sharing and Application of Credit Information
to Promote Financing of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises

State Office issued [2021] No. 52

The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, all ministries and commissions of the State Council, and all institutions directly under the Central Government:

The "Implementation Plan for Strengthening Credit Information Sharing and Application to Promote Financing of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises" has been approved by the State Council and is hereby issued to you. Please organize and implement it carefully.

All regions and departments should conscientiously implement the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening the construction of the social credit system and promoting the financing of small, medium and micro enterprises, focusing on protecting market players and responding to the new downward pressure on the economy, speeding up the pace of credit information sharing, and deepening data development Utilize, innovate and optimize financing models, strengthen information security and the protection of rights and interests of market players, help banks and other financial institutions to improve their ability to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, continuously improve the availability of loans for small and medium-sized enterprises, effectively reduce financing costs, effectively prevent and resolve risks, and support small and medium-sized enterprises. Micro-enterprises have been rescued and developed to maintain stable economic operation, providing strong support for building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development.

Office of the State Council

December 22, 2021

Implementation Plan for Strengthening Credit Information Sharing and Application
to Promote Financing of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises

Small, medium and micro enterprises are an important force for stabilizing growth, promoting employment and safeguarding people's livelihood. In recent years, the structural reform of the financial supply side has been further advanced, and the social credit system has been continuously improved, which has effectively promoted the financing of small, medium and micro enterprises. However, due to factors such as information asymmetry between banks and enterprises, the availability of loans for small, medium and micro enterprises is not high, and the proportion of credit loans is still low. In order to further play the supporting role of credit information in the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism to alleviate the problem of financing difficulties and high costs for small and medium-sized enterprises, it is deployed in accordance with the "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Healthy Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises". This implementation plan was formulated in accordance with the requirements of the "Government Work Report".

1. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology.

Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and all the 19th Plenary Sessions, and in accordance with the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, give full play to the role of various credit information platforms, and effectively ensure information security and safety. On the premise of the rights and interests of market players, strengthen the sharing and integration of credit information, deepen the application of big data, support innovation and optimization of financing models, strengthen financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises, and continuously improve the loan coverage, availability and convenience of small and medium-sized enterprises. The rescue and development of small, medium and micro enterprises provides strong support for solidly doing the "six stability" work, fully implementing the "six guarantees" tasks, accelerating the construction of a new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development.

(2) Basic principles.

Demand-oriented, fully shared. Starting from supporting banks and other financial institutions to improve their ability to serve small, medium and micro enterprises, give full play to the role of various credit information platforms, collect and share various types of enterprise-related credit information in various ways, and solve the problem of information asymmetry between banks and enterprises.

Innovative applications to prevent and control risks. Make full use of big data and other technologies, improve the credit evaluation system, innovate financial products and services, and increase credit resources to small, medium and micro enterprises. Establish and improve mechanisms for risk identification, monitoring, sharing, and disposal to improve risk prevention capabilities.

Multi-participation and collaboration. Improve the credit information sharing and coordination mechanism, give play to the role of the government in organizational coordination, information integration, etc., and speed up the construction of a work pattern in which the government and banks, insurance, guarantees, credit services and other institutions are coordinated and linked to form a joint effort.

Protect rights and interests in accordance with laws and regulations. Strengthen the classification and classification of information management, standardize information use rights and procedures, strengthen information security protection, and prevent information leakage and illegal use. Investigate and punish infringements in accordance with the law, protect business secrets and personal privacy, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of market players.

2. Strengthening the sharing and integration of credit information

(3) Improve the information sharing network. Provincial-level people's governments shall, on the basis of making full use of existing information systems such as local credit information sharing platforms, credit reporting platforms, and comprehensive financial service platforms, coordinate the establishment or improvement of local financing credit service platforms, and encourage qualified cities and counties to establish them in light of their actual conditions. Relevant financing credit service platform. Relying on the established national SME financing comprehensive credit service platform (hereinafter referred to as the national financing credit service platform), horizontally connect the national enterprise credit information publicity system and related industry information systems, vertically connect with local financing credit service platforms at all levels, and build a national integration The network of financing credit service platforms shall be integrated, and the data sharing and exchange channels such as the national integrated government service platform shall be well connected. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the People's Bank of China, and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will take the lead, and relevant departments and units in all regions will be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(4) Expand the scope of information sharing. Further integrate public credit information such as market entity registration, administrative licensing, administrative penalties, judicial judgments and enforcement, lists of seriously untrustworthy entities, honors and commendations, and policy support, and continuously improve the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of data. Guided by the financing business needs of small, medium and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, under the premise of complying with laws and regulations and ensuring information security, gradually pay taxes, social insurance premiums and housing provident funds, import and export, water and electricity, real estate, intellectual property, science and technology. Research and development and other information are included in the scope of sharing, breaking "data barriers" and "information silos". Encourage enterprises to supplement and improve their own information through "voluntary reporting + credit commitment" and other methods, and smooth information sharing channels. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the People's Bank of China, and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission take the lead, the Supreme People's Court, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration of Taxation, and the State Administration for Market Regulation , National Copyright Administration, State Intellectual Property Office and other relevant departments and units and regions are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(5) Optimizing the way of information sharing. Based on the actual work, flexibly adopt various methods such as physical collection, system interface calling, and data verification to share relevant information. In principle, the information that has achieved national centralized management is shared at the national level, and the relevant state departments and units are responsible for sharing with the national financing credit service platform. Before completing the "head-to-head" connection, the local level sharing can be promoted according to actual needs; other information Shared at the local level, the local people's government is responsible for the collection and integration, and it is shared with the local financing credit service platform in an appropriate way. Make full use of existing information sharing mechanisms and channels, and no longer require relevant departments and units to repeatedly provide information that has been shared. The National Financing Credit Service Platform shall, according to the work needs of relevant departments and units, synchronously share the collected credit information in accordance with laws and regulations, and strengthen the effective connection between the use and management of information. Establish relevant working mechanisms to support banking, insurance, guarantee, credit service and other institutions in need (hereinafter collectively referred to as access institutions) to access the financing credit service platform. (Relevant departments and units in each region shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(6) Optimizing credit information services. Financing credit service platforms at all levels shall, in accordance with the principle of public welfare, provide basic information services to access institutions in accordance with laws and regulations, and promptly report the use of relevant information to data providers. For information disclosed in accordance with the law, standardized credit information reports shall be formed for access institutions to inquire, and qualified financing credit service platforms shall be encouraged to push relevant information in batches according to the needs of access institutions, by region, industry, and other dimensions. For information that is not suitable for disclosure, such as business secrets, the original detailed data shall not be provided to the access institution without the authorization of the information subject. After authorization, it provides data query, verification and other services to realize data "available and invisible". On the basis of practically strengthening supervision, we will steadily introduce enterprise credit reporting agencies to participate in the construction and operation of the platform in accordance with laws and regulations. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the People's Bank of China, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and all regions shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

3. Deepen the development and utilization of credit information

(7) Improve the credit evaluation system. Financing credit service platforms at all levels should establish and improve the credit evaluation index system for small, medium and micro enterprises, and carry out full-coverage credit evaluations for small, medium and micro enterprises for reference by banks and other access institutions. Encourage access institutions to make full use of internal and external information resources according to their own business characteristics and market positioning, improve credit evaluation models, and achieve accurate "portraits" of small, medium and micro enterprises. Encourage access institutions to open and share relevant information to financing credit service platforms and relevant departments in accordance with laws and regulations. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the People's Bank of China, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and all regions shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(8) Strengthen risk monitoring and disposal. Financing credit service platforms at all levels shall strengthen the dynamic monitoring of the credit status of loan-financing enterprises, analyze and judge potential risks, and promptly push relevant institutions for reference. Relying on financing credit service platforms, etc., explore the establishment of "online notarization" and "online arbitration" mechanisms for loans to small, medium and micro enterprises, and financial Internet courts to efficiently handle financial disputes. All relevant departments and units shall carry out joint punishment according to laws and regulations for acts of malicious evasion and cancellation of debts determined in accordance with the law. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Ministry of Justice, the People's Bank of China, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and other relevant departments and units and all regions shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

4. Safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of information subjects

(9) Standardize the management and use of information. Each data provider shall clarify the nature and scope of sharing and disclosure of relevant information in accordance with relevant laws and regulations and the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council’s policy documents. Financing credit service platforms at all levels shall establish a system for the management and use of information by classification and classification. Information subjects have the right to inquire about all their information on the financing credit service platform free of charge, and may file objection appeals and apply for credit restoration in accordance with relevant regulations. Information involving business secrets or personal privacy shall not be provided to the outside world without desensitization processing or the explicit authorization of the information subject. (Relevant departments and units in each region shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(10) Strengthen information security. Financing credit service platforms at all levels shall establish complete information security management systems, strengthen information security technical guarantees, conduct information security assessments on access institutions, and improve information security risk monitoring, early warning, and handling capabilities. Access institutions should strengthen internal information security management, strictly abide by relevant state regulations and the information management requirements of financing credit service platforms, and the information obtained shall not be used for activities other than providing financing support for enterprises. Seriously investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations such as illegal acquisition, dissemination, disclosure, and sale of information. (Relevant departments and units in each region shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

V. Safeguards

(11) Strengthen organization and coordination. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the People's Bank of China, and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission should work with relevant departments and units to establish and improve the coordination mechanism for strengthening the sharing and application of credit information to promote the financing of small, medium and micro enterprises, and do a good job in connecting with the national government affairs data sharing coordination mechanism. Set up a special work class responsible for promoting relevant information sharing and reporting work results. The People's Bank of China and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission shall supervise and manage the relevant financial institutions and financial businesses involved in accordance with laws and regulations. All relevant departments and units should accelerate the interconnection between relevant information systems in this field and financing credit service platforms, and promote credit information application services. Local people's governments at all levels should intensify their efforts, coordinate the establishment or improvement of local financing credit service platforms in accordance with the requirements of this implementation plan, and do a good job in the sharing and application of credit information within their respective administrative regions. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the People's Bank of China, and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission take the lead, the Supreme People's Court, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Ministry of Commerce, General Administration of Customs, State Administration of Taxation, State Administration for Market Regulation, State Copyright Administration, State Intellectual Property Office and other relevant departments and units and various regions shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(12) Strengthen policy support. Local people's governments shall provide reasonable guarantees for the construction of local financing credit service platforms. Encourage places where conditions permit to establish a market-based risk sharing compensation mechanism for small, medium and micro enterprise credit loans to reasonably share credit risks. Encourage qualified places to provide loan discounts to small, medium and micro enterprises that meet the industrial policy orientation and have good credit status, and subsidize government financing guarantee institutions that provide effective guarantees for small, medium and micro enterprises. Give full play to the guiding role of the National Financing Guarantee Fund, enhance the credit enhancement capabilities of local government financing guarantee institutions, and promote the improvement of the government financing guarantee system. (The Ministry of Finance, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and each region shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(13) Do a good job of publicity and guidance. Create a number of demonstration areas, demonstration banks, and demonstration platforms to strengthen the sharing and application of credit information to promote the financing of small, medium and micro enterprises, strengthen positive guidance, and promote advanced experience. Organize and mobilize banks, insurance, guarantee, credit service and other institutions to participate widely, strengthen the supply of financing services for small, medium and micro enterprises, and continuously improve the sense of gain of small, medium and micro enterprises. Give full play to the roles of departments, localities, industry organizations, news media, etc., through various forms such as holding press conferences and producing new media products, comprehensively and accurately interpret policies, vigorously publicize work results, typical cases and innovative practices, and create a good public opinion environment. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the People's Bank of China, and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will take the lead, and all relevant departments and units in various regions will be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

Attachment: List of Credit Information Sharing

Appendix

Credit Information Sharing Checklist

Note: 1. "Small, medium and micro enterprises" refer to medium, small and micro enterprises determined in accordance with the classification standards for small and medium enterprises formulated by relevant departments such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The relevant credit information sharing work of individual industrial and commercial households, farmers' professional cooperatives, and rural collective economic organizations shall be implemented with reference to this implementation plan.
　　　　2. The "physical collection" sharing method means that the data provider transmits the relevant information to the platform, and the platform stores it; the "interface call" sharing method means that the data provider opens the data interface to the platform, and the platform calls the information according to the authorization of the enterprise. The sharing method of "data verification" means that the platform sends the information that needs verification to the data provider, and the data provider feeds back the verification results.
　　　　3. "Authorized by the enterprise" refers to the authorization through the enterprise's written authorization or online authorization after the enterprise's real-name registration under the premise of fully informing the enterprise of the relevant risks.

CAS Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology recruited too many talents from US Department of Defence, US universities and NIH

 

Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Research Institute - Micro-Nano Manufacturing and System Integration Center

2013-05-08

The Micro-Nano Manufacturing and System Integration Center aims at the national medium and long-term scientific and technological development plan and the major needs of the Chongqing regional economy in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. Research on large-scale micro-nano processing methods and equipment, low-dimensional flexible surface materials, intelligent micro-nano sensing, subwavelength structured antennas, micro-nano optical devices and systems.

Large-scale micro-nano processing methods and equipment: With application as the traction, develop batch micro-structure processing methods and equipment.

Low-dimensional flexible surface materials: graphene molecular force field, density functional theory calculation of mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes; large-area and high-quality carbon nanomaterials preparation methods: chemical vapor deposition, redox method , Polymer composite method.

Intelligent micro-nano biosensing: surface plasmon resonance, surface Raman enhancement, THz sensing.　　

Subwavelength antennas: high-gain antennas in microwave and terahertz bands, conformal antennas, reconfigurable antennas, etc.

Micro-nano optical system: a new type of micro-nano optical, mechanical, electrical, and bio-integrated systems, which are used in the fields of high-resolution detection and imaging, green energy, information, environment, and biomedicine.

The members of the center include national candidates of the Million Talents Project, winners of the Chongqing Outstanding Youth Fund, etc. The main backbones have presided over projects such as the national "973", "863", "Twelfth Five-Year" science and technology support plan, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. And scientific research projects such as Chongqing Science and Technology Research Program, and obtained a number of national, provincial and ministerial achievements. He has published more than 50 SCI papers, obtained several national invention patents, and established close cooperative relations with many internationally renowned universities such as University of Michigan, Boston University, and Purdue University. The center will integrate scientific innovation and technological innovation, and strive to become an important micro-nano manufacturing and system integration base in my country within three to five years.

2. Introduction to the center team

The Micro-Nano Manufacturing and System Integration Center has a research team composed of high-quality talents at home and abroad. There are 19 employees, 18 visiting graduate students, and 2 specially-appointed researchers, including 5 researchers, 4 associate researchers, and assistants. There are 6 researchers.

Shi Haofei, Ph.D., associate researcher, deputy director of the Center for Micro-Nano Manufacturing and System Integration. He is a member of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), a member of the Optical Society of America (OSA), and a recipient of the Chongqing Outstanding Youth Fund. Participated in a number of national 973, 863 and natural fund projects, published more than 20 academic papers included in SCI, and applied for 3 Chinese patents and 1 US patent. The research results have been cited by dozens of research groups such as Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley, Penn State University, etc., with a total of more than 300 citations, of which a single highly cited paper has been cited more than 150 times. The research on integrated micro-nano lenses was selected as the 2007 "China Optical Important Achievement of the Year". The achievements in nano-carbon optoelectronics have been reported by mainstream scientific media in the United States and the United Kingdom such as BBC, Science, Science Daily, Discovery, Popular Science, R&D Magazine, Michigan Daily, MIT Technology Review, Optical Society of American, American Institute of Physics, etc. Hundreds of media reprints. Invited to be the invited reviewer of 15 international mainstream academic journals such as "Optics Letters" and "Optics Express". Main research directions: nanophotonic technology; carbon nanoscience theory and application; artificial electromagnetic structural materials. Email: shi@cigit.ac.cn　

Shi Haofei was born in 1982 and joined the Communist Party of China in 2003. During his undergraduate studies, he majored in optoelectronic engineering and optical communication at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. In 2009, Shi Haofei went to the University of Michigan, engaged in the research of micro-nano processing and new materials.

In March 2011, the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established. In September, Dean Yuan Jiahu led a team to the United States to recruit scientific and technological talents, and the key target was Shi Haofei. At that time, I was with 4 people in the recruitment team, talking about science and technology, the international situation and the research direction, but there was no content about salary and treatment in the 3-hour conversation. Shi Haofei didn't even know what the salary in Chongqing was, so he signed and "sold" himself to Chongqing, becoming the youngest among the first batch of introduced technical talents.

In October 2011, Shi Haofei came to Chongqing with his luggage. 

Guo Lingjie

Cui Hongliang

Du Chunlei, Ph.D., researcher, doctoral tutor, director of the Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology. The leader of science and technology in Sichuan Province, and the academic leader of micro-nano optics. He was engaged in integrated optical sensors and diffractive optics in the Optical Research Group of the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland; in the Institute of Applied Optics, University of Erlangen, Germany, in the fabrication of micro-optical structures and system applications; Photonic technology research, etc. "Research on Subwavelength Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Its Application Technology", "Research on Practical Application of Diffractive Microlens Array", "Research on Fabrication of Continuous Microlens Array by Mask Movement Method" and other achievements won the second prize of National Science and Technology Invention Award in 2011 respectively. And in 2010, the first prize for scientific and technological progress of ministries, the third prize for scientific and technological progress of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1998, and the third prize for scientific and technological progress of Sichuan Province in 2001. He has published more than 180 academic papers in this field, co-authored 1 monograph, applied for and authorized more than 70 invention patents, and trained more than 30 master and doctoral students. He has won the 7th China Youth Science and Technology Award, the National "May 1st" Labor Medal in 2002, and an outstanding expert with outstanding contributions in Sichuan Province. Main research directions: micro-optical devices and systems; micro-nano optics and subwavelength optics; artificial electromagnetic structural materials; micro-nano sensing technology. Email: cldu@cigit.ac.cn

Deng Qiling, master, researcher. Presided over and participated in dozens of national projects, and obtained achievements in the design and processing of micro-nano optical structure devices (technology, testing) and applications (laser beam shaping and control, high-resolution array imaging, high-directional radiation transmission and high-sensitivity sensing, etc.) Multiple research results. "Subwavelength Artificial Structure Materials and Applications", "XX Artificial Structure Devices Research", "Research on Continuous Microlens Array Fabricated by Mask Movement Method", "Practical Research on Diffractive Microlens Array" and other achievements were awarded the 2011 National Science and Technology Award. The second prize for invention, the first prize for scientific and technological progress of ministries and commissions in 2010, the third prize for scientific and technological progress of Sichuan Province in 2001, and the third prize for scientific and technological progress of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1998. He has published more than 40 papers, and the first inventor authorized 9 invention patents. The main research direction: micro-nano optical devices and integration technology. Email: dql@cigit.ac.cn

Dong Xiaochun, Ph.D., researcher. Won the 2003 "Chinese Academy of Sciences President Award". As an important progress in domestic optical research in 2006, the related achievements were tracked and reported by the journal "Laser and Optoelectronics Progress". A nanostructure preparation method based on surface plasmon microtip localization effect was proposed, and a lithographic structure with a feature size of less than 30 nm was obtained, and a unique large-area nanostructure preparation process was formed. Published 22 articles, including 9 SCI articles, and applied for 16 patents. Main research directions: micro-nano structure forming methods and processes; micro-nano optical devices; artificial electromagnetic structural materials. Email: dxc@cigit.ac.cn

Wei Dongshan, Ph.D., associate researcher. In 2007, he graduated from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. From 2007 to 2011, he did postdoctoral research in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Boston University, respectively. Mainly engaged in the preparation and characterization of polymer polyelectrolyte multilayer films, as well as the computer simulation of polymer blend phase diagrams and polymer fluid dynamics; the structure and properties of thin film coatings for micro-nano electromechanical systems, graphene, carbon nanotube mechanics, First-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations of thermal and electrical properties. The findings have been reported as a cover article in the journal J. Chem. Phys. So far, he has published 11 papers in well-known journals such as J. Chem. Phys, Surface Science, Macromolecular Rapid Communications, among which 7 are the first author; he is now a member of the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Main research directions: theoretical calculation and simulation of macromolecules, biomolecules, carbon and carbon nanomaterials; preparation and characterization of new energy storage materials and nanomaterials. Email: dswei@cigit.ac.cn

Yin Shaoyun, Ph.D., associate researcher. In 2004, he graduated from the Department of Physics of Lanzhou University with a Bachelor of Science degree. From 2004 to 2009, he received a Ph.D. in Optical Engineering from the Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Undertook projects such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Light of the West, and National Defense Pre-research, and participated in the research of major national projects such as 863, 973, and Natural Science Foundation as the main personnel. The main research direction is micro-nano optics and system integration, including micro-nano photonics, lightweight optical systems, LED lighting and applications. At present, 16 articles have been published, 9 articles have been included in SCI, and 2 patents have been applied for. Main research directions: micro-nano optics theory and design; micro-optic free-form surface light distribution method; high-resolution imaging method. Email: ysy@cigit.ac.cn

Wei Dapeng, Ph.D., associate researcher. In 2009, he received his Ph.D. from the Key Laboratory of Nanodevice Physics and Chemistry, Department of Electronics, Peking University. From 2009 to 2010, he was a research engineer of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, and presided over the research of photoelectric sensor devices. From 2010 to 2012, he was a postdoctoral researcher at the Birck Nanotechnology Center of Purdue University, USA. Mainly engaged in the controllable preparation and physical properties of one-dimensional inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials, laser growth of graphene, graphene sensing devices, and charge-coupled devices (CCD). So far, 10 papers have been published in internationally renowned journals such as Carbon, J. Phys. Chem. C, Appl. Phys. Lett, Crystal Growth & Design, among which 6 are the first author, and 1 US invention patent has been applied for. Main research directions: preparation and characterization of one-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials, semiconductor heterojunctions and their devices, controllable graphene preparation, and graphene functional devices. Email: dpwei@cigit.ac.cn

Li Chaolong, Ph.D., assistant researcher. Hefei University of Technology received a bachelor's degree in engineering from the Department of Polymer Science and Engineering. In 2005, he entered the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of Sichuan University to study and received a doctorate in engineering. He has published 8 articles in academic journals at home and abroad, of which 6 have been retrieved by SCI, and he has obtained 1 Chinese invention patent. Main research directions: development and application of functional absorbent materials, self-assembly of nano-microspheres and research on composite materials. Email: lichaolong@cigit.ac.cn

Li Zhancheng, Ph.D., assistant researcher. In 2012, he graduated from the University of Science and Technology of China, majoring in condensed matter physics. So far, 3 SCI research papers have been published as the first author in internationally renowned journals such as ACS Nano, J. Phys. Chem. C. He used polystyrene beads as templates to prepare asymmetric hybrid metal nanostructure arrays; preparation and application of large-area, high-quality graphene; research on rapid and continuous preparation of large-area graphene; graphene on transparent electrodes applied research, etc. Main research directions: preparation of asymmetric and hybrid metal nanostructure arrays; preparation and application of large-area, high-quality graphene. Email: lizc@cigit.ac.cn

Wu Peng, Ph.D., assistant researcher. Graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology majoring in optical engineering. From 2007 to 2009, he was a visiting scholar at the Arizona Optical Center, and from 2010 to 2012, he was engaged in research work at the Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has been responsible for or participated in the research and development of several sets of precision optical equipment, and has rich experience in optical system design; including high-power semiconductor pump laser thermal distortion dynamic correction system, retinal fundus camera with high-order aberration dynamic correction capability, and amblyopia training equipment; Human eye high-order aberration detection equipment based on wavefront sensing technology, large-range Hartmann wavefront sensor, etc. Current main research directions: micro-nano manufacturing equipment, precision optical testing equipment, ophthalmic optical medical equipment, etc. Email: wupeng@cigit.ac.cn

Zhang Zhisheng, master, engineer. In June 2008, he graduated from Jilin University with a major in condensed matter physics. His research direction is the preparation and magnetic research of nano-magnetic materials. From July 2008 to November 2012, he worked in Anshan Iron and Steel Technology Center, and participated in scientific research projects: research on high-strength and high-toughness multiphase composite steel, research on quantitative analysis methods of secondary particles and dislocations in microalloyed steel, etc. Since December 2012, he has been working in Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. So far, he has published 1 SCI paper, 4 core journal papers, and applied for 4 patents. Main research fields: micro-nano processing technology, micro-nano optical devices. Email: zhangzhisheng@cigit.ac.cn

Zhu Peng, Ph.D., assistant researcher. Graduated from Harbin Institute of Technology, majoring in instrument science and technology, from 2010 to 2012, he visited and studied at the Solid State Physics Electronics Laboratory at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He has participated in many projects such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National 863 Program, and has rich experience in the design and fabrication of metal nanostructures and plasmonic optical devices. He has published many SCI research papers as the first author in internationally renowned journals such as AppliedPhysics Letter and OpticsExpress. Main research directions: design and processing of plasmonic optical devices; fabrication and application of nano-imprint-related micro-nano sensors. Email: zhupeng@cigit.ac.cn 

Zhang Weiguo, master, research intern. In July 2010, he graduated from the Institute of Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, majoring in optical engineering. He successively worked in the Southwest Institute of Applied Magnetics and the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was responsible for 2 projects of the Youth Talent Innovation Fund of China Electronics Technology Group. As a main member, he participated in the national 1 project supported by the 863 Program, 3 pre-research projects of the General Armament Department in the 12th Five-Year Plan period, 2 other provincial and ministerial-level scientific research projects, 5 papers published, and 3 patent applications. Main research direction: research and application of micro-nano optics. Email: zwg@cigit.ac.cn

Sun Xiuhui, Master, Research Intern. In June 2012, he graduated from Sichuan University majoring in optics. He has participated in a number of research and development projects, research on micro-optical free-form surface LED precise light distribution technology, LED inclined road lighting and high-uniformity tunnel lighting design and development projects, LED secondary optical design and imaging optical system design, etc. Main research directions: non-imaging optics, optical design, design, inspection and testing of LED lighting systems. Email: sunxh@cigit.ac.cn

Shao Li, Master, Research Intern. In April 2012, he graduated from Xidian University, majoring in radio physics. He has participated in a number of research and development projects, such as research on conformal antenna for terahertz coal drill pipe, research on low-profile vehicle-mounted satellite antenna in motion, design of circularly polarized antenna with good low elevation gain, and research on Beidou-1 handheld antenna. Simulation design. Main research direction: microwave components and millimeter-wave antennas. Email: shaoli@cigit.ac.cn

Huang Deping, master, research intern. In 2012, he graduated from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, majoring in colloid and interface chemistry. The research projects he has participated in include: oilfield chemical development and tertiary oil recovery formulation research; development of green surfactants for papermaking in the "Twelfth Five-Year Science and Technology Support Plan", that is, modification of natural carboxylate surfactants; multi-branched gold Preparation, characterization and application of nanomaterials; research on the interaction between CdS quantum dots and proteins. Main research directions: physical chemistry of surfactants, preparation and characterization of gold nanomaterials; preparation of quantum dots and research on their biological toxicity. Email: huangdeping@cigit.ac.cn

Zhang Yongna, master, research intern, graduated from the School of Science of Beijing Jiaotong University in 2012. His research interests include: preparation and properties of photonic crystal heterojunctions, in situ reduction of graphene oxide, nano-trim and properties. His current research work mainly includes: the preparation and reduction of graphene oxide, and the preparation and transfer of graphene by CVD. Email: zhangyn@cigit.ac.cn

Yu Chongsheng, master, research intern. In 2012, he graduated from the Department of Engineering of the University of Edinburgh, UK, under the tutelage of Professor Rebecca Cheung, "Royal Academician of Edinburgh". Developed "Temperature Compensated CMOS-MEMS Oscillator" and was awarded the Scottish Microelectronics Centre Research Excellence Award. He used to work in the Irish Industrial Innovation Research Center and the Scottish Microelectronics Center, using large-scale integrated circuits to design OLED display drivers; semiconductor manufacturing and micro-electro-mechanical systems preparation and application research. The main research direction: CMOS semiconductor circuit design and manufacture, high-quality graphene application research. Email: yuchongsheng@cigit.ac.cn

　  Center Contact: Shaoli, Tel: 023-63063520, Email: shaoli@cigit.ac.cn

Information source:

Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Address: No. 266, Fangzheng Avenue, Beibei District, Chongqing Postcode: 400714 Tel: (023) 65935555 Fax: 023-65935000