伟大的美利坚大实验：自然科学与现代文明操作系统的双重胜利

两百五十年前，当大西洋西岸的建国先贤们在费城签下名字时，他们深知自己不仅是在建立一个新国家，更是在代表全人类进行一场前所未有的制度博弈。这场博弈在历史的长河中沉淀下来，被学者们称为“美利坚大实验”（The Great American Experiment）。

今天，当我们回望美国两百五十年的风雨历程，会发现它不仅是一个技术与科学的孵化器，更是一个将思想、哲学和法律化为实体机器的“超级实验室”。

一、 从英格兰到新大陆：普通法、独立宣言与上帝的荣光

美国的法治基石并非凭空捏造，它深深扎根于历史悠久的英格兰普通法（Common Law）体系。然而，是美国将这套原本带有封建残余的经验律法，在北美荒野的平民土壤中发扬大。普通法所蕴含的“遵循先例”与“程序正义”，在北美转化为对个人自由和私有产权的绝对护航。

当这种法律传统与《独立宣言》相遇，便激发出照亮世界的力量：

“人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。”

这不仅仅是政治口号，更是将政治哲学提升至信仰高度的宣示。美国以其实例向世界展示，平民共和制绝非乌托邦。通过将造物主的超然秩序引入世俗法律，美国让“天赋人权”的观念穿透了君主专制的迷雾，使得上帝的荣光通过《独立宣言》的精神，生生不息地照亮了现代整个世界。

二、 双重实验场的交响：社会科学如何为自然科学实验输血、护航？

人们往往容易被巨响和奇迹所震撼，形成一种偏见，认为美国只是自然科学的先发实验国。事实上，美国在人类历史上的真正伟大之处，在于它实验了一套以社会科学制度为底层操作系统，源源不断为自然科学实验提供燃料、排毒并提供防线的闭环机制。

在美国，自然科学的实验不论是在民间企业还是在国家层面，都拒绝“党和国家说了算”的盲目决策，而是遵循着严密的法治与信用逻辑。

【 自由宪政体制 】── 保护产权与权力制衡
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       ├────────────────────────────────────────┐
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【 市场层面：CPA审计 】                  【 国家层面：三权分立 】
 强制信息披露 ── 制造信任                国会预算审计 ── 防范贪腐虚报
       │                                        │
       ▼                                        ▼
【 繁荣的资本市场 】                     【 独立的司法体系 】
 股民自愿用脚投票 ── 聚集海量资金         法院不听命于国防部 ── 严惩泄密
       │                                        │
       └───────────────────┬────────────────────┘
                           ▼
               【 真实的自然科学实验场 】
                企业实验室 & 五角大楼核工程
                           │
                           ▼
               【 轰鸣的硬核科技成果 】

1. 市场层面的自由输血：CPA独立审计与资本市场的共谋

现代意义上的社会审计（CPA）制度在美国的完美制度化，打破了财务黑箱。强制性的独立第三方审计和公认会计原则（GAAP），将资本市场从尔虞诈骗的赌博场变成了基于信任的理性投资场。

正是在这套自由宪政与CPA审计保障的系统下，资本市场对企业和高校实验室的自然科学实验展现出了惊人的自发输血能力。一个科学理论要从黑板走向应用，需要经历无数次失败的实验。正是因为有了CPA独立审计构筑的金融信任，自由资本市场才敢把海量的资金投向高风险的自然科学实验。 这里的研发选择、科技走向，绝不是靠任何官僚机构拍脑袋决定，而是由无数科学家与用脚投票的民间资本在市场上自发博弈的结果。

2. 国家层面的严厉排毒：三权分立防止国防部的贪墨与虚报

如果说民间科研靠CPA，那么像原子弹（曼哈顿计划）这种由美国国防部主导的、国家级高度绝密的军事科学实验，则必须接受三权分立的系统级保护。

很多人误以为，军事机密意味着绝对的权力。但在美国宪政体制下，国防部想要动用一分钱，都必须通过国会（立法权）的严格预算和拨款审查。

如果没有三权分立的制衡，国家科学实验会发生什么？

手握重兵和机密的国防部完全可以变成一个无法无天的分赃集团。他们可以借“国家机密”之名，大肆贪墨掉天文数字的科研资金；他们更可以走上极权国家的老路——靠虚报无法核实的科学成就（例如虚构某种秘密武器的研发进度）来向最高层源源不断地骗取拨款。

正是因为有国会调查委员会在背后死死盯着，五角大楼的军官们才不得不把每一美元都砸进真正的物理实验室里。曼哈顿计划之所以能催生出真实的原子弹轰鸣，验证硬核科技的最高边界，恰恰是因为社会科学的三权分立制度，从根源上杜绝了科学实验沦为权力分赃和谎言温床的可能。

3. 安全层面的最终法网：司法独立对国家机密的绝对护航

不仅如此，三权分立更成为了保护这些硬核科技不被窃取和私下倒卖的最终法网。

在美国，任何私自泄漏原子弹技术的科学家或官员，都必将受到法律的严厉审判。这绝非靠特务政治的秘密处决，而是因为联邦法院与国防部、行政首脑绝不受同一个人控制。

这种“法院和国防部互不隶属”的架构，确保了制衡的有效性：没有任何权贵能够靠政治庇护来掩盖背叛国家的罪行，国防部也无法强行给一个正直的科学家扣上莫须有的罪名。军方想要定罪任何泄密者，必须向独立的法官和陪审团出示铁证如山的程序正义。这种“非一人控制”的制度硬约束，才让美国的国家机密在自由的土壤里，获得了最坚固的法律防线。

三、 联邦制：不仅防御外敌，更免疫意识形态的侵略

在这些制度实验中，最精妙、最具原创性的当属联邦制（Federalism）。在先贤的规划中，联邦制是一种“防御的力量”——对外，它联合各州抵御强权；对内，它完美平衡了中央集权与地方分权。

但历史演进到今天，人们赫然发现，联邦制还承担了另一项极其隐秘而伟大的功能：作为一种天然的免疫系统，彻底防御了共产主义、激进社会主义以及平分财产狂热对这个国家的侵蚀。

由于美国独特的联邦架构，使得全国从未成为一个可以被某种激进主义一键格式化的单一整体。近年来，诸如纽约、旧金山等激进进步主义大城市推行高税收、重福利、宽容治安的“新实验”，导致高净值富人和华尔街金融机构纷纷用脚投票，大举逃离并迁往德州、佛州等保护产权、法律严明的南方红州。这种各州之间的“自由竞争”和“无成本套利”，直接抽干了左翼激进实验的财政血液，逼迫其在破产前向常识低头。

这种无成本的内部逃离，直接证明了任何试图消灭私有产权的理论在美国的局部实验注定夭折。

正如美国建国先贤詹姆斯·麦迪逊（James Madison）在250年前的《联邦党人文集第十篇》中，流传千古的隐秘预言：

“某种宗教狂热，或者要求平分财产的恶潮，以及任何其他不正当或邪恶的目的，虽然可能传播并感染联邦的某一个特定成员（指某一个州）；但是，它将很难扩散到整个联邦的其他成员中去。”

结语

两百五十年的美利坚大实验，是一场科学与制度的交响乐。它告诉世界：物质财富的繁荣和硬核科技的爆发，只是结出的果实；而根植于普通法、独立宣言精神的操作系统——三权分立的骨架、CPA制度的信用、以及联邦制的免疫防火墙——才是那棵保障人类自由与繁荣的参天大树。

长期以来，互联网上充斥着一种极为幼稚且犬儒的论调，宣称“政治不能当饭吃”、“制度创新离普通老百姓太远”。这种评论是绝对荒谬且致命的。

对于生活在大国地理环境下的平民百姓而言，英格兰普通法、三权分立、现代CPA审计以及联邦制，从来不是高高在上的精英政治游戏，而是每个人活下去的必然刚需：

• 没有英格兰普通法对私有产权的绝对护航，你的房子、土地随时可能被权贵一纸政令强征，你连“端起饭碗”的资格都没有；

• 没有现代CPA审计制度的铁面无私，华尔街的资本大鳄可以随意用假账和财务黑箱洗劫市场，普通人一辈子的养老钱和血汗钱瞬间就会在金融骗局中一夜蒸发；

• 没有三权分立的相互扯皮与内耗，庞大的国家机器就会变成一头全能的“利维坦”，国防部的枪杆子和官僚的行政权将毫无约束，当最高决策者犯错时，代价直接就是普通家庭的生死存亡；

• 没有联邦制划出的50个制度防火墙，当某一种意识形态狂热或高税收重福利的恶潮席卷你所在的城市时，你将上天无路、下地无门——是联邦制给予了你“用脚投票”跨州逃生的最后通道。

尤其是在一个容易孕育巨型大国的广袤地理位置上，这四大制度就是保护弱小个体免受庞然大物无情碾压的“四大金刚”。政治制度不仅能当饭吃，它恰恰决定了你这碗饭里装的是尊严还是恐惧，决定了你辛勤劳作的财富能不能留给子孙，决定了你在面对一个无比冰冷的国家机器时，还能不能像一个真正的主人一样自由呼吸。盲目崇拜硬核科技而鄙视制度文明，无异于买了一辆拥有核动力的跑车，却拒绝安装方向盘与刹车片，其结局注定是系统性的毁灭。

#Democracy #Christ #Peace #Freedom #Liberty #Humanrights #人权 #法治 #宪政 #独立审计 #司法独立 #独立自治

从444号决议到1776精神的回归：美国两党共识下的对中共共产主义列宁式组织的文明决战与历史总清算

长期以来，中文舆论场与跨国政论圈都深陷一个巨大的认知误区：他们习惯于将美中之间波涛汹涌的对抗，矮化为“川普个人的极端言论”或“MAGA运动的激进修辞”，将其娱乐化、戏剧化。甚至许多人天真地寄希望于通过“换个总统”或“等待某次中期选举”，就能让华盛顿重温旧梦。

这种浅薄的观察，完全忽略了美国整个国家机器——尤其是国会两党——在制度和法案层面的“深水静流”与彻底转向。

2026年的这个夏天，当美国迎来独立宣言250周年的历史性时刻，两场看似独立却内在逻辑高度统一的政治风暴正在华盛顿全面收网。一场是总统川普在总统山发表标志性演说，正式将“1776精神”拉升为清除共产主义的最高国家总动员战略；另一场则是美国参议院以全票一致的压倒性姿态，通过了由里克·斯科特（Rick Scott）发起的第444号决议（S.Res.444）。

这绝非一场关于关税或地缘排序的“修昔底德陷阱”争霸，而是一场跨越美国两党、结合国防建制（NDAA）与文明信仰的制度围堵和历史总清算。两代美国外交精英在经历了半个世纪被耍弄的痛苦后，终于将对华战车的方向盘彻底焊死。

Watch President Donald J. Trump's Full Speech on American Exceptionalism at Mount Rushmore on the eve of America's 250th: pic.twitter.com/vDmDFHQ3nj

— The White House (@WhiteHouse) July 4, 2026

一、 被耍弄的半个世纪：民主党“接触政策”的战略破产

要理解今天华盛顿那种两党内卷、不留退路的狠辣，就必须翻开冷战以来的外交账本。

历史上，正是美国民主党的建制派精英（从克林顿到奥巴马），极力推进了对华“接触政策”（Core Engagement）。然而到了2026年的今天，面对重返白宫并大打关税战的共和党政府，在野的民主党反而表现得更加歇斯底里——他们正在国会联合两党鹰派，利用更加精准的技术合规、金融审计和供应链防火墙，筑起阻击威权机器的“暗线防线”。

这种反差的背后，是民主党外交建制派历经半个世纪被耍弄后的战略清醒与制度性狂怒。

1. 朝鲜与越南：被选择性咽下的血债与列宁式的暴力基因

翻开《全国人大常委会公报》里第七届全国人大解放军代表团的官方履历，西方那些天真的外交官就会明白自己当年错得有多离谱：

• 在那个负责审批国家决算和财政报告的立法代表团里，堂而皇之地坐着柴云振（中华人民共和国中央人民政府在朝鲜半岛从事侵略并与联合国军交战的特等功臣）、秦基伟上将（中华人民共和国中央人民政府在朝鲜半岛从事侵略并与联合国军交战的上甘岭战役指挥官）、迟浩田上将（中华人民共和国中央人民政府在朝鲜半岛从事侵略并与联合国军交战的长津湖战役立功者）。

这构成了历史与法理的冰冷交织。1950年代的朝鲜战争，数万美军阵亡，中共在战后从未对其在朝鲜半岛从事侵略并与联合国军交战对抗美国做出过任何道歉；越南战场，北京高层亲自审查战役方案，更秘密派遣了超过32万中国军队（防空兵、工程兵）直接对美军作战。其中就包括当年在越南秘密拨付1000万美元和3个师装备消灭法军、从不道歉认错的韦国清上将。

当年以尼克松为代表的美国共和党现实主义政府为了地缘政治上“联华抗苏”的巨大实用主义利益，硬生生把这两口气咽了下去。华盛顿大度地选择历史“向前看”，却被列宁式组织视为“资产阶级纸老虎的软弱”——在这种纵容下，这个体制毫无顾忌地把这群“开枪者、花钱者、财政预算决算审批者三位一体”的幕后军头，堂而皇之地送上了自己全国人大的最高立法席位。

2. WTO与玫瑰园的完美出千：从“天真图章”到“暴力合规”

2001年，克林顿全力推动中国加入世贸组织（WTO），天真地认为经济自由必然带来政治民主；2015年，奥巴马在白宫玫瑰园听取了北京关于“南海绝不搞军事化”的公开承诺。

结果是毁灭性的。中共不仅反水将南海彻底军事化，更将这种“制度性欺骗”合法化地写进了地方和全国人大的最高议事程序中。

根据中共2026年3月主动公开的官方公告，新疆第十四届人大代表团里堂而皇之地坐着32名服从中央军委指挥的驻疆PLA和武警部队枪杆子人大代表。他们中既有代表全体新疆人去北京开会的内蒙古00后大兵丁晓杰，也有在2024年直接穿着军装高坐人大主席团、握有提案生杀大权与文官罢免权的军区司令员柳林中将。

这种“枪杆子卡死程序闸门”的真实面貌，直接让民主党的外交精英彻底抽醒：

• 在这个体制的字典里没有契约，只有兵不诈伪的拖延。当财政部监管局局长李若云等世俗文官，必须战战兢兢地跑去向握有空军通信权的米合伦沙·阿不都和境外押解警察赵金龙等全国人大代表“跪求认可”时，这就不是现代国家的预算审计，而是用暴力机器对文官系统执行“持枪合规”。

二、 参议院444号决议：全景式的罪状定性与道德海啸

2026年6月16日通过的第444号决议，其篇幅之长、细节之具体，堪称是一份对列宁式极权体制的“全面起诉书”。它不再使用温和的外交辞令，而是通过一长串冰冷的指控，彻底剥离了中共体制在西方眼中的合法性：

• 人道与公共卫生债： 决议直接将超过100万美国人因新冠疫情丧生的生命损失，归咎于中共初期的欺骗与隐瞒；同时痛斥其屡次跳票打击芬太尼的承诺，导致每年数万美国人死于毒品危机。

• 黑帮化的供应链： 决议甚至细致到了消费品安全领域，直接点名其违规使用人类排泄物作为肥料生产的“污水大蒜（sewage garlic）”及有毒消费品，向大众揭示其“在贸易中作弊”的骄傲传统。

• 踩碎文明底线的系统性性暴力： 最令国际社会震惊的，是决议首次在官方文本中使用了“东突厥斯坦（East Turkistan）”这一具有强烈政治历史意味的称谓，并盖棺定论地将其在当地实施的“结对认亲”政策定性为现代种族灭绝与危害人类罪。决议极其严肃地指控：国家力量在无限期关押维吾尔男子后，强迫留守的维吾尔人妻子与国家分配的男子同居、同床。

这种利用绝对行政权力剥夺女性身体自主权、用制度化手段摧毁家庭伦理的行径，彻底点燃了全美上下不分党派的道德怒火。

当维吾尔人的“民意”，被内蒙古00后大兵和立功警官‘代表’

当自由世界还在为参议院444号决议中揭露的“新疆结对认亲、强迫同床”感到文明世界彻骨的惊悚时，如果你翻开《新疆人大常委会公报》和官方新闻，就会发现这个体制在演戏方面的讽刺艺术已经达到了人类幽默史的巅峰。

在这里，“代表2000多万新疆人民”的政治皮影戏，已经连最起码的穿针引线都懒得做了。

根据2023年开启的第十四届新疆人大代表名单审计，代表团里堂而皇之地坐着32名服从中共中央军委指挥的驻疆解放军和武警部队“枪杆子代表”，以及核试验马兰基地所处的巴音郭楞蒙古自治州选出的30名代表。正是这群人在2023年1月18日举行的新疆人大第一次会议上，投票“选举”出了60名代表新疆的第十四届全国人大代表。

换句话说，在现代政治学上，所谓的“新疆民意代表”，其出生纸不仅需要中共党组织的审批，还必须经过中央军委指挥的现役军人用刺刀投出的赞成票。

到了2026年3月25日，新疆人大常委会更是发了一份“老实交待”的官方公告，对人大代表中枪杆子代表的来源供认不讳：宋伟军、丁晓杰、侯法武由新疆军区军人代表大会选出，闫倩由武警新疆总队军人代表大会选出。

这群由军人代表大会选出的立法者，天然背负着暴力机器的基因。比如代表新疆的丁晓杰，是一位2001年出生于内蒙古的00后中国人民解放军士兵，2019年成为喀什军分区电台值班见习员。按照宪法赋予人大代表的权力，这位00后现役战士在步入人民大会堂的那一刻，就合法变身为拥有修宪权、立法权和监督权的最高权力机关成员。一个在军营里参加比武竞赛的年轻士兵，在法理上成了决定2000多万新疆人乃至全中国十四亿人命运的“法定立法者”。

当西方和台湾的小清新还在用“橡皮图章”这种天真的词汇自我安慰，将人大主席台上的军装身影视为走过场的礼仪摆设时，中共自己的法律和议事规则早就把一记响亮的耳光甩在了他们的脸上。

如果严格按照《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会议事规则》以及地方各级《人大组织法》中关于“主席团”的程序规定去审计，这群穿着军装、剃着平头高坐主席台上的军头，不仅是货真价实的立法者，更是掌握人大会议生死大权的最高程序判官。

2024年1月29日，新疆十四届人大第二次会议预备会议通过的主席团名单里，至少赫然列着3名中国人民解放军和武警部队的现役将军人大代表：杨诚、柳林和苏勇。中共中央广播电视总台CCTV及新疆卫视的视频画面清晰地展示了这一法理现场：在1月30日的开幕会议上，新疆军区政治委员杨诚、新疆军区司令员柳林中将、以及曾任武警新疆总队副参谋长的维稳先进个人苏勇，直接穿着笔挺的现役军装，大马金刀地坐在了主席台正上方。

在人大的议事规则中，主席团的权力到底有多大？它在现实性与法理上所拥有的双重有效特权，足以让任何现代宪政国家的法官惊出冷汗：

• 独揽提案与法案的“生杀大权”： 按照人大议事规则，任何普通代表团或代表联名提出的议案，能不能列入会议议程、能不能提交大会表决，唯一的决定权在主席团。也就是说，如果台下的世俗文官、地方法院或普通代表试图提出任何不符合中央意图的议案，柳林中将和杨诚政委坐在主席台上，不需要开枪，只需依法动用主席团的法定裁决权，就可以在程序上将其直接“枪毙”，使其连见光的可能都没有。

• 控制国家机关负责人的“提名与罢免权”： 根据法律，地方人大的各级政府官员、监察委主任、法院院长、检察院检察长的候选人，都是由主席团依法提出的；同时，主席团还握有向大会提出罢免这些官员的法定权力。当武警军头苏勇穿着军装作为主席团成员坐在上面时，台下坐着的各级文官系统、检察官和法官们心里非常清楚：上面坐着的不是普通网民所说的“花瓶”，而是掌控自己政治生命、能随时依法提名或罢免自己的“法定理事会董事”。

• 凌驾于司法与行政之上的“最高询问与质询权”： 在会议期间，主席团有权依法单方面决定延长会议时间，更有权随时召集各级政府官员、法院院长、检察院检察长前来汇报工作或接受询问。

当这种在法理上近乎无限的程序权力，与柳林中将手里的军区指挥权、苏勇武警首长手里的手铐与警棍完美结合时，所谓的“最高国家权力机关”就展现出了它最冰冷的真实面貌：这根本不是文官在开会，这是现役军头作为法定的主席团成员，在依照人大的法律程序，对整个地方法院、检察院和公务员系统进行居高临下的“暴力合规审计”。

2024年1月29日新疆14届人大第二次会议预备会议通过的主席团里面至少有3名中国人民解放军现役军人新疆人大代表，例如杨诚、柳林和苏勇。视频画面显示枪杆子新疆人大代表杨诚2024年1月30日穿军装坐在了新疆14届人大第二次会议开幕会议的主席台上。 https://t.co/OGXgWy4Gkl https://t.co/kShuwNOSHW pic.twitter.com/o3Byvrys8H

— CPA Jim (@CPAJim2021) June 29, 2026

同样穿着军装坐在主席台上的主席团成员，还有武警部队的代表苏勇。这位苏勇代表的履历更是黑色幽默的典范：2018年，他作为武警新疆总队副参谋长，因为在一线强力镇压而被表彰为“维稳工作先进个人”——也就是直接负责把新疆人送进集中营或高压管控的执行官。到了2025年1月19日的新疆十四届人大三次会议上，这位“先进个人”苏勇不仅依然是人大代表，胸前佩戴的标记和常年不变的寸头发型更是明确昭示着：他依旧是那个手握警棍与手铐的现役武警高级头目。一个负责把选民关起来的维稳军头，同时又是代表这些选民去立法的“主席团首长”，这种法理精神大概只有在精神病院里才能被理解。

在这个体制里，军队不仅负责台上的监军和台下的投票，甚至还公开插手少数民族地区的“人口定向清洗与改造”。担任新疆人大代表的现役军人孔祥宇上校，其真实身份是武警工程大学乌鲁木齐校区政治工作处主任。在2024年2月28日他率队赴西藏大学交流座谈时，这位“人大代表”就杀气腾腾地道出了真言：希望双方加强合作，共同为西部边疆少数民族地区培养一大批“靠得住、用得上、留得下”的军地两用复合型人才。翻译成现代反人类罪行的行业黑话就是：利用军警建制，加速对新疆、西藏少数民族进行文化换血和人口驯化，培养新一代的红色监工。

而在财政和预算监督领域，这种“持枪立法”的魔幻现实更被演绎得淋漓尽致。

根据中国财政部新疆监管局官方发布的报道，他们极其自豪地炫耀了新疆人大代表、财政部新疆监管局局长兼党组书记李若云，是如何向“枪杆子”和“刀把子”全国人大代表们汇报工作、悉心听取意见的。

在这场财政监管官员向暴力机器“跪求认可”的魔幻汇报中：

• 全国人大代表、空军驻新疆通信室主任米合伦沙·阿不都在认真听取汇报后，以最高立法者的姿态，对财政部服务代表的努力表达了“感谢”并给予“肯定”；

  
  
  

• 紧接着，财政监管局官员又满怀深情地走访慰问了全国人大代表、乌鲁木齐红庙子派出所便民警务站站长赵金龙警官——一位身穿刀把子制服、因为执行境外押解任务立了个人一等功的中共铁血鹰犬。这位“刀把子”代表，同样对财政工作给予了“充分肯定”。

  
  
  

一个原本应当代表选民捂紧钱袋子、严格审计军警开支的国家财政监督高官，居然要战战兢兢地跑去军营和派出所，向握着枪和手铐的“军代表、警代表”汇报工作，并因为得到这些暴力执行者的“认可与肯定”而欢欣鼓舞。在1776宪政文明的逻辑里，这叫“持枪抢劫国库”；但在列宁式的公报里，这叫“军民鱼水情、共商国是”。

这种“枪杆子”对立法的绝对碾压，在新疆人大代表、新疆军区陆军航空兵飞行员马凤龙身上完成了完美的逻辑闭环。马凤龙所在的陆航旅长年传承着一个30年不变的铁血信仰：

“操纵杆听我的话，我听党的话”；“手握操纵杆，铁心跟党飞”。

这就是中共中央、全国人大以及各大官方媒体主动公开的、具有最高法律效力的原生态中文证据。在这个体制里，不管是坐在主席台上的军区司令柳林中将，还是内蒙古00后电台兵丁晓杰，亦或是立了一等功的境外押解警察和手握武直操纵杆的飞行员。他们坐进最高立法殿堂的那一刻起，脑子里就没有“选民”和“法律”这两个词。他们的操纵杆、他们的枪托、以及他们按动人大表决器的手指，都只听从一个主人的大脑——那就是中共中央军委。

当西方和台湾的小清新还在指望通过与其“人大代表”进行法治交流来促进其政治文明时，中共自己的公报早就用这些穿着军装的主席团画面把答案扇在西方的脸上：我们的代表，从来不跟人民飞，只铁了心跟党飞。

三、 当1776宪政精神遇上“将军立法”的列宁式黑帮

为什么444号决议能在参议院获得两党毫无保留的全票通过？因为中共列宁式体制的底层结构，同时踩中了美国两党的文明死穴。

美国是一个深深建立在希伯来-基督教文明（Judeo-Christian tradition）与1776宪政基石上的国家。

• 在信仰层面： 身体是圣灵的殿，婚姻与家庭是神圣不可侵犯的契约。基督教十诫明确规定“不可奸淫”。任何强迫同床、系统性摧毁家庭细胞的行径，在基督教文明看来，都是地地道道的魔鬼行径。

• 在制度层面： 1776精神的底层逻辑是严格的文官治军与权力分立。在自由世界，现役军人绝不可干预文官立法。

然而，当年指挥越共的中共开国上将韦国清，其后的政治轨迹却是长期兼任全国人大常委会副委员长。这种“军队巨头、总政主任直接兼任国家最高立法机构领导人”的“党政军三位一体”结构，在西方眼中就是最典型的“持枪立法”和极权黑帮化统治。

1990年，当美国正沉浸在“历史的终结”、冷战即将胜利的虚幻自大中时，中国全国人大里的上甘岭指挥官们和戒严部队的将军们，却坐在一起，一边用暴力维护着国内的绝对统治，一边用按表决器的方式完成了对上一年军事行动消耗的自我审计。

中共《解放日报》的上观新闻网报道显示第七届全国人大常委会副委员长包括PLA军队代表韦国清、叶飞、廖汉生、乌兰夫、阿沛·阿旺晋美、赛福鼎，这届副委员长中有3位PLA上将、3位PLA中将。廖汉生是中国人民解放军军事科学院前政治委员。https://t.co/vC1ZHH2YEb pic.twitter.com/BUr5PDvMVU

— CPA Jim (@CPAJim2021) June 15, 2026

这种“拿过枪、开过火、杀过美军”的肉身实体，堂而皇之地坐在最高立法殿堂里担任代表，就是对现代西方宪政法理最具讽刺意味的挑衅。这也是为什么到了2026年，当两党翻完了这本写满欺骗与暴力的历史明细账后，华盛顿的共识会变得如此冰冷且充满杀机——因为任何理性的财务和制度审计都指向同一个结果：对一个由枪杆子监军、由昔日宿敌和暴力机器组成且从不进行真正权力分立的体制，唯一的应对方式不是对话，而是彻底的制度脱钩与文明对决。

正如博弈论的基本常识：你可以和对手谈利益，也可以和对手妥协价值观，但没人敢和桌子底下的“连环老千”继续玩下去。

当民主党发现自己追求的“绿色太阳能”背后深埋着强迫劳动的罪恶，发现自己退让的“国际多边秩序”成了对方吸血的工具时，这种被欺骗后的极度愤怒与羞耻感，促使他们与共和党并肩推起了制度的绞肉机。

四、 战略决战新阶段：1776精神的文明总动员

在立法院通过444号决议进行道德与建制定罪的同时，总统川普将独立宣言250周年提升为国家战略，正式完成了这场决战的政治拼图。

川普的战略逻辑大刀阔斧且清晰决绝：

1. 从利益博弈升华为信仰对决： 仅仅依靠关税和科技禁令，无法彻底瓦解一个控制了现代数字化监控手段的列宁式巨兽。必须用1776精神的核心奥义——“人权神授，任何世俗政权不得凌驾于个体的信仰和家庭之上”——作为解构共产主义的终极武器。

2. 身份的二选一： “你可以选择做马克思的门徒，也可以选择做美国的爱国者，但你绝不可能两者皆是。”这句重话不仅是对美国国内激进左翼的警告，更是向全球开辟了清晰的文明战线。

结语：方向盘已被焊死

历史走到2026年，美国对华的全面合围已经完成了底层代码的重写。

前台，是川普总统高亢的政治总动员，用“1776精神”凝聚海内外追求自由的力量；后台，则是两党在《国防授权法案》（NDAA）中细致到AI、半导体、网联汽车軟硬件、甚至生物基因和清洁能源供应链的冷酷切割。美国正在动用包括《全球马格尼茨基人权问责法》在内的所有金融与签证制裁工具，对这个反人类的极权组织进行人类历史上最严密的“制度净化”。

过去四十年由于西方的幼稚、纵容和地缘实用主义所养大的列宁式巨兽，终于迎来了它最无法逾越的文明长城。当1776精神的旗帜再度猎猎作响，这场推翻欺骗、捍卫尊严的战略决战，大幕已然轰然拉开，且绝无回头之路。

#Democracy #Christ #Peace #Freedom #Liberty #Humanrights #人权 #法治 #宪政 #独立审计 #司法独立 #独立自治

走向现代文明的法理与自由：论不同华语地区独立建国的正当性与可行性

在日常的地缘政治讨论中，“大一统”常常被赋予一种神圣不可侵犯的历史宿命感。仿佛只要共享相似的文化、跨越相同的历史，不同地区的人民就必须被强行塞进同一个庞大的中央集权政权之中。

然而，当我们剥离宏大的宏大叙事与情感绑架，回归现代文明的普世价值与国际法的理性框架，我们会清晰地发现：任何华语地区、不同的人群，在满足特定事实要素并基于人民自由意志的选择下，皆拥有独立建国、享有独立主权的完全合法性与现实可行性。

这一立论的正当性，不仅深深扎根于现代国际公法的底层逻辑，更在250多年前美国《独立宣言》所昭示的普世原则中找到了跨越时空的文明共鸣。

一、 杰斐逊原则与“被统治者的同意”

1776年，托马斯·杰斐逊在美国《独立宣言》中写下了现代民主政治最伟大的宣告：

“人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们中间建立政府。”

《独立宣言》确立的核心政治原则在于：政府的正当权力，来自于被统治者的同意（Consent of the governed）。

这意味着，没有任何一个政权可以仅仅因为“历史纽带”、“血缘文化”或“同文同种”，就天然地、永久地拥有对某个地区人民的统治权。政府的本质是人民为了保护自身自由而订立的契约，而不是反过来奴役人民的枷锁。

当年美国脱离英国独立，并非因为北美移民与英国人在文化或语言上存在鸿沟——在当时，他们同属于不列颠文化圈。美国独立的根本原因在于，大英帝国对其进行了长期的专制压迫与掠夺，侵犯了臣民本应享有的自由。

同理，不同的华语地区完全可以因为对自由、民主、人权等核心价值的追求，拒绝接受单一专制主权的控制。当一个政权展现出长期的滥用职权，企图把人民置于绝对的专制与军国主义统治之下时，推翻这样的强权，或者与之划清界限、宣布独立，不仅是人民的权利，更是人民的义务。

二、 现代国际法的法理基石：事实宣告与有效控制

在现代国际公法框架下，“自古以来”的历史宣称在判定主权归属时的权重极低。现代国际法是一套冰冷、务实的技术标准，它更关注的是当下的有效治理与人民的自决权。

1. 《蒙特维多公约》的四个硬性要素

根据1933年《蒙特维多国家权利义务公约》第一条，一个实体只要在事实上同时具备以下四个要素，在法理上就已经完成了作为国家的“初始确认”：

• 固定的居民

• 界定的领土

• 有效的政府

• 与他国交往的能力

更重要的是，该公约第三条明确确立了“宣告说（Declarative Theory）”：“国家的政治存在不依赖于他国的承认。”

如果某一个华语地区已经发展出了行使稳定且有效管辖的政府，拥有明确的边界、独立的法律、税收与防卫体系，并能够自主开展对外交往，那么在国际法的底层逻辑中，它就已经构成了一个事实上的独立国家。它不需要任何外部强权的恩赐、御批，也无须等待地缘政治大国的法理承认。

2. 时际法原则对历史叙事的解构

现代国际法中的“时际法（Intertemporal Law）”原则规定，判定某一历史时期的行为和状态，必须依据当时的法律，而非今天的标准。

中国历史上的朝贡体系、宗藩关系或模糊的封建疆域，在现代国际法意义上并不等同于现代主权国家相互排他、边界清晰的“国家主权”。用几百年前的帝国版图去框定现代居民的政治归属，既不符合现代法理，也是对现代地缘秩序的践踏。现代国际法保护的是“活在当下的切实治理”，而不是“躺在历史账本上的宣称”。

三、 可行性验证：多元治理的全球文明常态

在实践层面，单一文化源流、同一语言族群演进为多个独立的主权国家，是人类文明的常态，而非变态。

• 不列颠文明的开枝散叶： 英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国，共享相似的语言与文化背景，但它们是完全独立的、互不隶属的主权国家。

• 德意志语言圈的多元并存： 德国、奥地利、瑞士（德语区），同样在各自的独立主权下运作良好，并发展出了极具建设性的国际合作关系。

对于不同的华语地区和人群而言，走向独立主权、独立建国的路径在现实中完全可行，这已经在历史和现实中得到了验证：

• 体制可行性： 摆脱宏大叙事的捆绑，地方政府可以根据本地区居民的实际需求，量身定制最高效的民主治理模式，避免本国人民的福祉成为地缘政治野心的牺牲品。

• 经济与对外交往可行性： 在现代多边贸易体系和国际法保护下，只要一个实体具备稳定的法律环境与独立的对外签约能力，它就能深度参与全球供应链。一个地区的繁荣取决于自身的治理效能与开放程度，而非取决于其版图有多大。

结语：将人的福祉置于国家神话之上

现代文明的标志，是承认多元治理的合法性，并将个人的自由、安全与福祉置于虚幻的国家神话之上。

正如《独立宣言》所昭示的真理，当任何形式的政府变成损害这些目的的强权时，人民就有权改变它或废除它，并建立新政府。不同的华语地区、不同的人群，完全有权在符合现代国际法要素的前提下，凭借自身的有效治理与居民的集体认同，自由地选择独立建国。

这不仅是一条符合现代国际法理的阳光大道，更是对人类追求自由、抗击专制这一文明逻辑的勇敢践行。世界的未来不需要更多庞大而臃肿的强权帝国，而需要更多自由、民主且尊重法治的现代主权实体。

#Democracy #Christ #Peace #Freedom #Liberty #Humanrights #人权 #法治 #宪政 #独立审计 #司法独立 #独立自治

Genocide in Xinjiang produced 320 million tons of coals, the fourth largest production in China.

 

Translated from China Coal Industry Association website

In 2021, the key words of coal production regions:

　　﹒ Both annual and monthly production hit record highs

　　﹒ Chongqing withdraws from coal mining, and the number of coal-producing provinces drops to 23

　　﹒ 100 million tons province reduced by 2

　　﹒ The output of 6 million-ton coal-producing provinces has all increased, and the output of Shanxi is close to 1.2 billion tons

　　﹒ 11 provinces with more than 50 million tons of production accounted for 95.5%

　　﹒ The total output of provinces below 10 million tons is less than 1% of the country

　　In recent months, under the premise of ensuring the safety of coal production, the major coal-producing provinces have implemented the coal supply guarantee work layer by layer. According to the latest data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the production of raw coal for the whole year and the monthly output in December both hit record highs, adding a strong touch to the role of coal as a ballast in my country's energy security.

　　1. Annual and monthly national raw coal production hit a record high

　　According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2021, the raw coal output of coal enterprises above designated size in the country was 4.07 billion tons, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%; compared with 3.974 billion tons in the previous year of the country's highest raw coal production (2013), an increase of 96 million tons and a record high .

　　In December 2021, the raw coal output of coal enterprises above designated size reached 380 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%, and the monthly output reached a record high.

　　2. The output of the 6 million-ton coal-producing provinces has all increased

　　In 2021, there were 6 provinces with coal production above designated size exceeding 100 million tons. Among them, Shanxi (1.193 billion tons) and Inner Mongolia (1.039 billion tons) both exceed 1 billion tons; Shaanxi (700 million tons), Xinjiang ( 320 million tons), Guizhou (131 million tons), Anhui (113 million tons), the total output of the six provinces was 3.496 billion tons, an increase of 6.68% year-on-year, accounting for 85.9% of the raw coal output of coal enterprises above designated size in the country, and the proportion increased by 1.6% over the previous year. The output of the 6 provinces increased by 218.82 million tons year-on-year, accounting for 119% of the national increase.

　　3. The annual output exceeds 50 million tons in 11 provinces

　　In 2021, there were 11 provinces with an annual output of more than 50 million tons, with a total output of 3.89 billion tons, a year-on-year increase of 5.5%, accounting for 95.5% of the national output.

　　The number of provinces with more than 50 million tons was the same as the previous year, but the structure changed. The number of provinces producing 100 million tons of coal decreased by 2 compared with the previous year. They are Henan Province (93.35 million tons in 2021, 105 million tons in 2020) and Shandong Province (93.12 million tons in 2021, 111 million tons in 2020). Correspondingly, the number of provinces with 50 million tons to 100 million tons increased to 5 (3 in the previous year). Among the 11 provinces, except Henan surpassed Shandong and its output ranking rose to 7th, the output ranking of other provinces did not change.

　　4. The output of provinces with output less than 10 million tons continued to decline

　　In 2021, Chongqing withdrew from the coal mining field, and the number of coal-producing provinces in the country was reduced to 23. The number of coal-producing provinces with annual output less than 10 million tons increased to 8, namely Jiangsu (9.343 million tons), Jilin (8.753 million tons), Hunan (7.234 million tons), Fujian (5.407 million tons) and Guangxi (2.797 million tons) , Jiangxi (2.134 million tons), Hubei (297,000 tons) and Chongqing (for comparability, including Chongqing), an increase of 2 over the previous year. Among the 8 provinces, the output of 6 provinces decreased, and the output of 2 provinces increased. The total output was 35.965 million tons, a decrease of 16.382 million tons or 31.3% over the previous year; down 0.47 percentage points.

Xi Jinping publicly broke judicial independence and there was neither judicial independence nor rule of law in Communist China.

As reported by Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 15, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission of People's Liberation Army,  recently made important instructions on political and legal work. He pointed out that in 2021, the political and legal front resolutely implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, and maintain national political security and social stability. New achievements have been made in comprehensively deepening reforms in the field of politics and law, normalizing anti-criminal and eliminating evil, and rectifying the education and rectification of political and legal teams.

Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the Party's absolute leadership over political and legal work, draw wisdom and strength from the Party's century-long struggle, carry forward the great spirit of party building, improve the ability to prevent and defuse major risks, improve law enforcement and judicial policies and measures, comprehensively deepen political and legal reforms, and consolidate  and deepen the educational and rectification achievements of the political and legal teams, earnestly fulfill the major responsibilities of maintaining national security, social stability, and people's tranquility, so that the people can truly feel that fairness and justice are at their side. Party committees at all levels must promptly study and solve outstanding problems that restrict political and legal work, support all political and legal units to perform their duties in accordance with the law, provide a strong guarantee for the construction of a higher level of safe China and the rule of law in China, and take practical actions to welcome the victory of the Party's 20th National Congress.

The Central Political and Legal Work Conference was held in Beijing on the 15th. Guo Shengkun, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and secretary of the Central Political and Legal Committee, conveyed Xi Jinping's important instructions and delivered a speech at the meeting, emphasizing that political and legal organs across the country should be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, and fully implement the Party's 19th The spirit of the 19th Plenary Sessions of Dahe is to strengthen the "Four Consciousness", strengthen the "Four Self-confidence", achieve the "Two Maintenance", deeply study and understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments", and think that the 20th National Congress of the Party will be successfully held. Create a safe and stable political and social environment as the main line, take the strengthening of the party's political construction as the lead, comprehensively deepen the political and legal reform as the driving force, and strive to promote the high-quality development of political and legal work in the new era by strengthening the work style, focusing on implementation, and improving efficiency.

State Councilor and Minister of Public Security Zhao Kezhi, President of the Supreme People's Court Zhou Qiang, and Chief Procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate Zhang Jun attended the meeting. The meeting was held in the form of a video teleconference.

Chinese Communist Administrative Measures for the Selection and Appointment of People's Supervisors Sifa [2021] No. 7

 Issuing authority: Supreme People's Procuratorate Ministry of Justice

Text number: [2021] No. 7 of the Ministry of Justice Source: Department of Justice website

Topic classification: Public Security, Security, Justice Types of documents: Notice

Date of writing: December 29, 2021 release date: 2022

[Font: large, medium and small ]

Notice of the Ministry of Justice & the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Printing and Distributing the "Administrative Measures for the Selection and Appointment of People's Supervisors"

Sifa [2021] No. 7

The people's procuratorates and judicial departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Military Procuratorate of the People's Liberation Army, and the People's Procuratorate and Justice Bureau of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

In order to further deepen the reform of the people's supervisor system and standardize the selection and management of people's supervisors, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Justice have revised the "Administrative Measures for the Selection and Appointment of People's Supervisors", which are hereby issued to you, please implement them according to the actual situation.

Please report to the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Justice in a timely manner any important situations and problems encountered in the implementation of these measures.

Supreme People's Procuratorate Ministry of Justice

December 29, 2021

Measures for the Administration of the Selection and Appointment of People's Supervisors

Article 1 In order to regulate the selection and management of people's supervisors, improve the system of people's supervisors, and improve the external supervision and restriction mechanism for the exercise of procuratorial power, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Organization Law of the People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China and relevant regulations.

Article 2 The selection and management of people's supervisors shall adhere to the principles of democracy, openness and justice, scientific and efficient in accordance with the law, build a team of people's supervisors with high political quality, broad representation and a solid mass foundation, guarantee and promote people's supervision The supervisors exercise the supervisory power and give full play to the supervisory role of the people's supervisors.

Article 3 The judicial administrative organs are responsible for the selection and appointment of people's supervisors, as well as their training, assessment, rewards and punishments, and the people's procuratorate shall cooperate and assist.

Judicial administrative organs and people's procuratorates shall establish work coordination mechanisms, provide corresponding services for people's supervisors to perform their duties, ensure that the selection, management, and use of people's supervisors are connected, and ensure that people's supervisors fully perform their duties in accordance with the law.

Article 4 People's supervisors shall be selected, appointed and managed by judicial administrative organs at the provincial and districted city levels. The judicial administrative organ at the county level shall, in accordance with the requirements of the judicial administrative organ at a higher level, assist in the selection and management of people's supervisors within their respective administrative regions.

Judicial administrative organs shall arrange special work agencies, select full-time staff, improve systems and mechanisms, and ensure the smooth development of the selection and management of people's supervisors.

Article 5 The people's supervisors are divided into the people's supervisors of the people's procuratorates at the provincial level and the people's supervisors of the people's procuratorates at the city level divided into districts.

The people's supervisors of the provincial-level people's procuratorate supervise the case-handling activities of the people's procuratorates at the same level and their branches and dispatched offices. Among them, the people's supervisors of the municipal people's procuratorate supervise the case-handling activities of the municipal people's procuratorates at all levels.

The people's supervisors of the people's procuratorate of the city divided into districts supervise the case-handling activities of the people's procuratorate at the same level and at the lower level.

Article 6 People's supervisors shall be elected for a term of five years, and shall serve as people's supervisors for no more than two consecutive terms.

People's supervisors may not concurrently serve as people's supervisors of two or more people's procuratorates.

Article 7 People's supervisors shall be protected by law in exercising their supervisory powers in accordance with the law.

People's supervisors shall strictly abide by laws, regulations and relevant disciplinary provisions, and supervise case-handling activities independently and impartially in accordance with the prescribed powers and procedures. The following situations shall not be present:

(1) Obstructing the normal conduct of case-handling activities;

(2) Disclosing state secrets, business secrets, personal privacy and information of minors involved in case-handling activities;

(3) Disclosing other information on case-handling activities that should not be disclosed in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant provisions.

Article 8 Chinese citizens over the age of 23 who uphold the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, are of good character, fairness and integrity, and are in good health may serve as people's supervisors. People's supervisors shall have a high school education or above.

Article 9 The following persons shall not participate in the election of people's supervisors:

(1) Members of the standing committee of the people's congress, on-the-job staff of supervisory organs, people's courts, people's procuratorates, public security organs, state security organs, and judicial administrative organs;

(2) People's assessors;

(3) Other personnel who are unsuitable to participate in the election of people's supervisors due to work reasons.

Article 10 Anyone who falls under any of the following circumstances shall not serve as a people's supervisor:

(1) Those who have received criminal punishment;

(2) being dismissed from public office;

(3) The lawyer or notary's practice certificate has been revoked, or his name has been removed from the arbitration committee;

(4) Being included in the list of dishonest persons subject to execution;

(5) being removed from the duties of a people's assessor due to punishment;

(6) There are other serious violations of laws and disciplines that may affect judicial justice.

Those who have been exempted from the qualifications of people's supervisors due to violations of laws and regulations in the process of selection and performance of their duties, as well as failing to pass the annual assessment, shall not serve as people's supervisors again.

Article 11 The judicial administrative organ shall, in conjunction with the people's procuratorate, reasonably determine the number and distribution of people's supervisors based on the needs of supervision and case-handling activities and factors such as the population, region, and ethnicity within their jurisdiction. The number of people's supervisors in each county (city, district) Not less than three.

Article 12 The judicial administrative organ shall issue an announcement on the selection and appointment of people's supervisors, specifying the number, conditions, procedures, application and recommendation period and method, etc., and the announcement period shall not be less than 20 working days.

Article 13 Candidates for people's supervisors are selected in the following ways:

(1) Individual application;

(2) Recommendations from units and organizations.

Support trade unions, Communist Youth League, Women's Federation and other people's organizations and other social organizations to recommend qualified personnel to become candidates for people's supervisors.

Article 14: Judicial and administrative organs shall take various forms such as on-the-spot visits to the units and communities where candidates work, listening to the opinions of representatives of the masses and grassroots organizations, and organizing interviews, etc., to investigate and determine the proposed candidates for people's supervisors.

Determining the people's supervisors to be appointed candidates should fully reflect the breadth and representation.

People's supervisors who are to be appointed as civil servants or those who are staff members of public institutions generally do not exceed 50% of the quota.

Article 15 The judicial administrative organ shall publicize the list of the people's supervisors to be appointed to the public, and the publicity time shall not be less than five working days.

Article 16 If there is no objection to the proposed candidates for the people's supervisor after the public announcement or the objection is unfounded after examination, the judicial administrative organ shall make a decision on the selection and appointment of the people's supervisor, issue a certificate, notify the unit, recommending unit or organization of the people's supervisor, and notify the society to the public. announced.

Article 17 According to the needs of supervision and case-handling activities, people's supervisors may be added or by-election.

Co-election and by-election of people's supervisors shall be carried out in accordance with the selection and appointment procedures of these Measures.

The term of office of the people's supervisors for co-election and by-election shall be consistent with the current term.

Article 18: Judicial administrative organs shall establish a people's supervisor information database to share information with the people's procuratorate.

Judicial administrative organs and people's procuratorates shall disclose the names and contact information of the people's supervisors, and smooth the channels for the masses to report the situation to the people's supervisors.

Article 19 Where the people's procuratorate's case-handling activities require the supervision of a people's supervisor, the people's procuratorate shall notify the judicial administrative organ of the required number, time, location, and other relevant matters five working days before carrying out the supervision activities.

In special cases, with the consent of the judicial administrative organ, the people's procuratorate may notify the judicial administrative organ of the relevant matters three working days before the supervision activities are carried out.

Article 20 : The judicial administrative organ randomly selects from the information database of the people's supervisors, liaises with the people's supervisors who will participate in the supervision activities, and informs the people's procuratorate.

According to the needs of case-handling activities, people's supervisors with specific professional backgrounds can be randomly selected.

Provincial-level people's procuratorates and their branches and dispatched offices organize supervision and case-handling activities, and provincial-level judicial administrative organs select people's supervisors.

The people's procuratorates at the city level divided into districts and the people's procuratorates at the grass-roots level shall organize supervision and case handling activities, and the judicial administrative organs at the city level divided into districts shall select people's supervisors.

People's procuratorates at all levels of municipalities directly under the Central Government organize supervision and case-handling activities, and the judicial administrative organs of the municipality directly select people's supervisors. Among them, the people's procuratorate at the municipality level organizes supervision and case handling activities, and the people's supervisors may also be selected by the judicial administrative organ at the municipality level.

The Supreme People's Procuratorate organizes supervision and case-handling activities, and consults the Ministry of Justice to select people's supervisors from provincial-level people's procuratorates.

Article 21 : People's supervisors who are close relatives of the parties involved in the supervision of case-handling activities, who have an interest in the case or who have served as a participant in the litigation of the case, or who have other circumstances that may affect judicial justice, shall withdraw on their own.

When the people's procuratorate finds that the people's supervisor needs to be recused, or if the parties to the case apply to the people's procuratorate for recusal and the conditions for recusal are met, they shall promptly notify the judicial administrative organ to decide on the recusal of the people's supervisor, or request the people's supervisor to recuse themselves.

Article 22 The judicial administrative organ shall establish a ledger of people's supervisors performing their duties.

The people's procuratorate shall notify the judicial administrative organ of the performance of duties within three working days after the people's supervisors participate in the supervision and case handling activities.

The people's procuratorate shall promptly notify the people's supervisor of the adoption of the people's supervisor's supervision opinions.

Article 23 The judicial administrative organs, in conjunction with the people's procuratorate, organize training for the initial appointment and tenure of the people's supervisors.

People's supervisors shall participate in training as required.

Article 24 The judicial administrative organ shall conduct annual assessment and term assessment of the people's supervisors. The assessment results serve as an important basis for commending and rewarding people's supervisors, exempting them from qualifications, or renewing their appointments.

Article 25 For people's supervisors who have made outstanding achievements in the performance of their duties, judicial administrative organs shall give commendations and awards in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Article 26 If a people's supervisor falls under any of the following circumstances, the judicial administrative organ that makes the decision on selection and appointment shall exempt him from the qualification of people's supervisor:

(1) applying for resignation as a people's supervisor;

(2) Losing the nationality of the People's Republic of China;

(3) incapacitated;

(4) cheating and providing false materials in the selection and appointment;

(5) failing to pass the annual assessment;

(6) There are circumstances listed in the second paragraph of Article 7 and the first paragraph of Article 10 of these Measures.

Article 27 If a people's supervisor cannot serve as a people's supervisor due to job changes, or cannot perform his duties normally due to health reasons, or there are other circumstances that affect the normal performance of his duties, he shall promptly resign from the judicial administrative organ that made the selection and appointment decision. People's Supervisor.

Article 28: Judicial administrative organs shall promptly notify the people's supervisors themselves, their work units, recommending units or organizations of the assessment results, decisions on commendation and rewards, and decisions on exemption from qualifications in writing, and notify the people's procuratorate.

The decision on exemption from qualification shall be announced to the public in a timely manner.

Article 29: Judicial administrative organs and people's procuratorates shall strengthen the informatization construction of the work of people's supervisors to achieve sharing, coordination, convenience and efficiency.

Article 30 : Judicial administrative organs and people's procuratorates shall coordinate with the work units, recommending units or organizations where the people's supervisors work, and provide support and assistance for the people's supervisors to perform their duties.

Article 31 The funds for people's supervisors shall be included in the budget of the government at the same level, and funds shall be strictly managed. The people's procuratorate shall assist the judicial administrative organ to do a good job of reporting budgets, and provide the judicial administrative organ at the same level with a written plan for the next year's supervision and case-handling activities by the people's supervisors.

The transportation, meals, accommodation and other related expenses and labor expenses incurred by the people's supervisors in accordance with the "Regulations on the People's Procuratorate's Case Handling Activities Accepting the Supervision of the People's Supervisors" to perform their duties and participate in training, conferences and other activities shall be subsidized by the judicial administrative organs in accordance with relevant regulations. .

Article 32 The selection and management of people's supervisors of military procuratorates shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations.

Article 33 These Measures shall come into force on January 1, 2022.

The "Administrative Measures for the Selection and Appointment of People's Supervisors" issued by the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Justice in 2016 shall be repealed at the same time.

What Chinese government has done to place heavy burdens on Chinese in 2021 according to what State Council of PRC found

 

Xingtai City Ecology and Environment Bureau, Hebei Province, without legal and regulatory basis, mandated that non-road mobile machinery be installed with on-line monitoring equipment and exhaust gas post-treatment devices. As of September 2021, there were 7,733 non-road mobile machinery in the city according to about 4,000 per set. The installation at the price of RMB 30 million will increase the burden of market entities by about RMB 30 million in total. In 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance organized and standardized the clean-up and standardization of enterprise-related deposits, requiring the cancellation of all deposit projects that have no basis in laws or administrative regulations or have not been approved by the State Council. Haicheng City, Liaoning Province not only failed to clean up and illegally collect tonnage deposits from local mineral production and operation enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households as required, but increased the deposit payment standard by 50% in February 2019. As of the time of inspection, the comprehensive administrative law enforcement department of local urban management The deposits on the special financial account totaled 146 million yuan, involving more than 1,500 market players. In the absence of legal and policy basis, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province mandates that slag trucks running in key areas and the Fourth Ring Road (inclusive) must be equipped with an on-board diagnostic system (OBD). The service fee is 1,800 to 2,100 yuan per truck, involving a total of 2,875 trucks, with a total payment of more than 5.7 million yuan.

In order to complete the task of fines, some traffic police in Taipusi Banner, Xilin Gol League, and Dengkou County, Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, stopped the passing trucks one by one in some areas and implemented "one size fits all" punishment. Anhui Huainan Zhongran City Gas Development Co., Ltd. violated the "Opinions on Cleaning and Standardizing Charges for the Urban Water Supply, Power Supply, Gas, and Heating Industry to Promote High-Quality Development of the Industry" and other regulations by the National Development and Reform Commission and other five departments, when renovating and installing gas equipment in some old communities , 2,027 households are forced to bundle and sell accessories such as gas stoves, IoT meters, alarms, etc., and the actual expenditure of each household is 3,200 to 3,500 yuan, which is much higher than the 2,000 yuan per household standard approved by the price department. When Pingxiang Gas Co., Ltd. in Jiangxi Province installed a gas pipeline for a residential area, it illegally included the costs related to the municipal pipeline network outside the red line of the building division into the total cost, and charged more than 530,000 yuan to 333 households in the community. In Ziliujing District, Zigong City, Sichuan Province, Zhongnonglian South Sichuan Agricultural Products E-commerce Logistics Park should implement the standard electricity price of 0.68 yuan/kWh to the merchants, but the electricity fee is actually charged to 275 merchants in the power transfer area at the standard of 1.50 yuan/kWh, in 2019 From February to August 2021, an additional electricity fee of 2.052 million yuan will be charged.

China Hard Pen Calligraphy Association has not officially established a branch in Tianjin, but falsely promoted it in the name of "Tianjin Office Work Committee", induced more than 500 people to participate in training and issued various certificates other than the national vocational qualification directory list, and organized more than 6,000 candidates to participate in the program. The level examinations held by the association range from a few hundred yuan to several thousand yuan. The traffic control department of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province has illegally added administrative licensing procedures, requiring express delivery companies to file with the local instant delivery road traffic safety association before registering electric bicycles in batches. The association took the opportunity to ask for a fee of 120 yuan per vehicle from the enterprise, and if the fee is not paid, it will be delayed without reason or will not be processed. The public security traffic control departments of Lianxi District and Hukou County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province violated regulations by entrusting the registration and licensing of electric bicycles to local insurance companies. yuan fee. The public security traffic control department of Chengmai County, Hainan Province violated regulations by entrusting the registration and licensing responsibilities of electric bicycles to third-party enterprises.

After the public real estate of Chengjiang Road Housing Management Station in Nankai District, Tianjin reduced or exempted the rent for more than 4 months for merchants in 2020, the rent had been increased by nearly double in 2021, which not only offset the dividends of the rent reduction and exemption policy during the epidemic, but also increased the burden on tenants. Chongqing Chemical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd. did not exempt 56 tenants who met the policy of reducing or exempting state-owned house rents from the rent of more than 1 million yuan in the first three months of 2020.

Yingkou City of Liaoning Province and Shapingba District of Chongqing City violated the requirements of the "Notice on In-depth Implementation of Special Rectification Actions on Road Height and Width Facilities and Checkpoints" and other regulations by the Ministry of Transport and other four departments, and illegally set height limits on many provincial and urban roads. facility. Bozhou City of Anhui Province, Fanchang District of Wuhu City, Jining City of Shandong Province and other places violated the Ministry of Public Security's "Guiding Opinions on Optimizing and Improving the Traffic Management of Urban Delivery Trucks" and other regulations, issued documents on the prohibition and restriction of trucks in urban areas, and implemented 24-hour restrictions in some urban areas. Prohibited.

From August to November 2020, Tianjin received a subsidy fund of 2 billion yuan from the central government to support the development of the housing rental market. As of the time of inspection, the fund has not yet been allocated. Jilin Province's 2021 central government subsidy funds for farmland construction and subsidy funds for urban affordable housing projects were allocated to budget execution units in April 2021, and the expenditure ratios as of the time of inspection are only 6.4% and 7.9%. Hainan Province's 2021 central government subsidy for medical service and support capacity improvement was allocated to budget execution units in batches from December 2020 to May 2021. As of the time of inspection, the expenditure ratio is only 4.4%. The lack of preliminary preparations by the Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Danzhou City, Hainan Province led to the transfer of 5.04 million yuan of incentive funds for large counties in December 2020 and April 2021 from two batches of central government hogs (cattle and sheep). Saihan District, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region illegally misappropriated 125 million yuan of special funds from the central government for the renovation of old communities from 2019 to 2021, mainly used to repay the principal and interest of hidden debts. The Finance Bureau of Fenyang City, Shanxi Province illegally used 20 million yuan of special anti-epidemic treasury bond funds for the construction of other projects.

Shandong Airlines Co., Ltd. and Shandong Airport Management Group Co., Ltd. violated the Ministry of Education's "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Employment and Entrepreneurship of 2021 National College Graduates" and other regulations, and required candidates in the 2021 recruitment announcement to have an "ordinary full-time education." Undergraduate and above” and “full-time undergraduate and above”, set an unreasonable threshold for part-time students. Tangshan City Social Insurance Service Center of Hebei Province entrusted Tangshan New Journey Insurance Service Center in disguised form to handle the social insurance business for flexible employees that should have been undertaken by it, and tacitly allowed it to charge agency fees to flexible employees and become free services for paid services. From January 2020 to July 2021 alone, Tangshan New Journey Insurance Service Center collected 7.537 million yuan for endowment insurance and medical insurance agency fees from flexible employees.

From July to September 2021, Baoding Heyang Heyang No. 1 Middle School and Senior High School and Heyang Foreign Language School violated the "Opinions on Further Strengthening and Standardizing the Management of Educational Fees" and other regulations by the Ministry of Education and other five departments, and arbitrarily increased the charging standards and crossed the border. Semester fees, public property deposits, etc., involving an amount of 52.554 million yuan; from September 2018 to September 2021, Baoding No. 7 Middle School illegally adopted a method linked to teaching management behavior, disguisedly forcing 2,516 students to buy tablet computers, the amount involved 9.259 million yuan. In July 2021, Yantai Qinghua Middle School in Shandong Province illegally sold teaching aid software and related materials to the families of first- and second-year high school students, involving an amount of 2.76 million yuan. From 2017 to 2021, Jiangxi Ganzhou Yucai Technical School illegally collected 1.199 million yuan for vocational skills appraisal from 2,459 students.

 As of the time of inspection, 573 households in 47 buildings in Penglai Apartment Community, Changping District, Beijing had completed roof waterproofing renovation and exterior window replacement. Among them, 36 buildings had damaged exterior walls, 45 outdoor windows and roofs leaked; 1,253 households in Longhuayuan Community had been completed. Roof waterproofing renovation, exterior window replacement, including 117 exterior windows and roof leaks. The sewer pipeline and the external main network of the Hongxiao Community Reconstruction Project in Qingyunpu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province have not been connected for a long time, and the sewage is discharged randomly, affecting the travel of residents. The old house renovation project of Zhongfuyuan East Community in Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province was originally scheduled to be completed in August 2020, but was still not completed by the time of inspection; although the demolition project of Xiaogoupo Street in Xinghualing District was demolished in April 2011 Completed, but 286 households have not been resettled for a long time. The 120 relocated houses in the Wangjiang Building Project in Xixiangtang District, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have not been delivered for 1 year and 8 months overdue, and residents cannot relocate as scheduled.

Since 2009, Qingshuihe County, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, has owed 7.77 million yuan in subsidies for 194 special post teachers. In 2020, Qu County, Dazhou City, Sichuan Province owed teachers 82.9 million yuan in "five insurances and one housing fund". Liulin County, Luliang City, Shanxi Province has long owed more than 700 sanitation workers urban employee endowment insurance premiums.

A large number of real estate registration businesses in Jining District, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region exceeded the processing time limit. From July to August 2021 alone, nearly 1,000 items were overdue. It took nearly 2 months to process some businesses, but 500 yuan to 1,000 yuan was paid to the intermediary. After Yuan, you can find the internal staff to obtain the real estate certificate within 2 to 3 days. Shizuishan City Emergency Management Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region requires local companies to purchase safety production liability insurance through Jiangtai Insurance Brokers Co., Ltd. Ningxia Branch, otherwise they will not apply for a safety production license, and violations will be accounted for by insurance companies since December 2020 The accident prevention technical service fee of 2.4478 million yuan was included in the financial account as non-tax income.

When the Jilin Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs handled the fertilizer registration, it violated the "Decision of the State Council on the Second Batch of Clearing and Standardizing 192 Administrative Approval Intermediary Service Items of State Council Departments" and other regulations, requiring the declared enterprise to go to the Jilin Provincial Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute for testing, pay 2000 yuan to 3000 yuan fee to obtain the test report and then apply for the administrative license. When carrying out the filing of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, the Development and Reform Commission of Miyun District, Beijing, without authorization, requires the applicant enterprises and individuals to submit materials such as opinions from the competent authorities of the hazardous chemical industry that are not included in the list of filing materials. In May 2021, the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Ma'anshan City and County, Anhui Province, during the listing and assignment process of the mining rights of Dashan Mine, required the applicant to provide an additional "Bidding Applicant Registration Qualification Review" stamped by 7 departments including local development and reform, economic and information technology, etc. Form", the relevant departments refused to seal on the grounds that they did not have the authority to review and did not understand the background of the enterprise, resulting in the failure of private enterprises to obtain bidder qualifications.

Hexi District and Dongli District of Tianjin City have not implemented the relevant provisions of the "Implementation Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Comprehensively Carrying out the Reform of the Approval System for Engineering Construction Projects", and the enterprises are required to contact the planning, housing construction, civil air defense and other departments to send personnel before handling joint acceptance. Door-to-door acceptance and a certificate of conformity are issued, and the enterprise can apply for joint acceptance at the approval window only after obtaining the certificate. After the joint acceptance application is accepted, the relevant departments will also appoint a time to send staff to come to the door to conduct joint acceptance and issue joint completion acceptance opinions. The municipal public units in Shenbei New District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province have not entered the government service hall, and the relevant licenses for public utility construction within the red line have not been included in the approval process of engineering construction projects; Ganjingzi District, Dalian City is in the review of engineering construction project design plans, construction drawings, etc. In the link, the approval time has not been fully counted, and the project construction unit needs to submit paper materials offline for pre-review and after approval by the relevant departments, and then submit it for review online. It takes 1 to 3 months for the offline review of the design plan alone. cycle" phenomenon. In Hefei City, Bengbu City and other places in Anhui Province, the project approval and land use planning permission of some engineering construction projects have not been included in the urban engineering construction project approval management system.

The "Taiyuan City Vehicle Pass Online Office System" requires enterprises and the public to apply 3 to 5 working days in advance, and the driving route needs to be clarified during the processing process, which makes it difficult for drivers who are not familiar with local road conditions to operate temporarily. From January to August 2021, Taiyuan City handled a total of 263,000 vehicle passes of various types, of which only 4,300 were handled through the online office system. The two information systems of the Liaoning Provincial Direct Housing Fund Management Center and the Shenyang Housing Provident Fund Management Center have not yet achieved information sharing. People who are transferred to the "City Direct System" management after opening an account in the "Provincial Direct System" must first go to the "Provincial Direct System" when withdrawing the provident fund. System" to issue "Personal Deposit Details", and then go to the "Municipal Direct System" to apply for withdrawal.

Feidong County, Hefei City, Anhui Province assigned the task of annual target performance appraisal, in a disguised form, requiring all townships to complete the increase and decrease linked indicators. In order to complete the warehousing of projects linked to increase and decrease, some townships demolished and reclaimed farm houses that had just been renovated and connected to water, and newly built toilets, drinking water and other facilities were abandoned. According to preliminary calculations, from 2019 to the time of inspection, a total of 1,596 toilet facilities in Feidong County have been demolished, and more than 7,200 water supply facilities have been abandoned, resulting in a waste of 6.93 million yuan in financial capital losses at all levels.

In 2019, Loufan County, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province implemented an infrastructure renovation project, including the sewage collection supervisory network and integrated sewage treatment station project involving 5 townships and 10 administrative villages. The project has a total investment of 17.6 million yuan and will be completed in 2020. and put into use. Due to the construction of only the main sewage collection network, the construction of the household pipeline network has not been included in the plan, resulting in some sewage treatment facilities not operating effectively. In 2015, Liaoning Province built 9,300 beneficial agricultural information agencies throughout the province. The inspection team conducted spot checks in Shenyang, Tieling and other places and found that a large number of Yinong Information Offices were idle and unoccupied. Relevant departments and units of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have invested a lot of money to carry out e-commerce in rural areas by relying on their own platforms and channels, and have established rural e-commerce service sites, Yinong Information Agency, and “E-mail” stores. The inspection team conducted spot checks in Nanning, Liuzhou and other places and found that there are common problems such as duplication of construction and idle equipment in relevant outlets.

Deep pits were formed in many cultivated land in Changfeng Town, Renqiu, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province due to illegal borrowing of soil. Among them, 25 deep pits were formed by illegally borrowing and selling soil for profit by relevant units and individuals in 2018 and 2019. Preliminary estimates involve an area of ​​265.03 Mu; Zhengjiaheyan Town, Taocheng District, Hengshui City, disregarding the central government's three orders and five applications, organized tree planting and afforestation on the circulating 904.74 acres of cultivated land. The Urban and Rural Planning and Construction Administration of Maoji Experimental Zone, Huainan City, Anhui Province changed the nature of 1,361 mu of arable land to "land for tourism facilities" without completing the formalities for changing the nature of the land; Dazhang Village, Liuzhen Town, Quanjiao County, Chuzhou City occupied the basic More than 600 acres of farmland are planted with trees and cicadas.

The audit found that in 2020, 11 designated medical institutions in Handan City, Hebei Province repeatedly charged fees for diagnosis and treatment projects, resulting in an additional payment of 412,300 yuan from the medical insurance fund. However, Handan City only recovered the relevant funds, and did not strengthen data review by drawing inferences from one case, and did not fully plug the loopholes in the payment of medical insurance funds. The inspection also found that from January 1, 2019 to August 25, 2021, the Xucun Branch of Xinyi Township Health Center in Cheng'an County, Cheng'an County, systematically defrauded the national medical insurance fund of 1.4645 million yuan by handling false hospitalizations for a long time. Yuan.

The audit found that from January 2018 to June 2020, 5 enterprises set up by the land reclamation institutions in Tianjin, Jizhou District, Dongli District and Jinghai District illegally used 1.358 billion yuan of cultivated land reclamation funds for the purchase of offices Building, lending funds to enterprises and government departments, etc. The inspection found that after Tianjin Huinong Land Development and Consolidation Co., Ltd. recovered 346 million yuan of illegally lent funds from February to March 2021, its parent company Tianjin Jinghong Investment Development Group Co., Ltd. divided the funds into 5 violations. Misappropriation; Tianjin Guoyuan Land Development and Consolidation Co., Ltd. illegally lent 215 million yuan to Tianjin Dongfang Caixin Investment Group Co., Ltd. three times from December 2020 to August 2021. The audit found that in January 2020, the three manure conversion centers built by the Zhucong-Live Pig Provincial Modern Agricultural Industrial Park project in Nong'an County, Changchun City, Jilin Province had been idle for more than one year, involving 1.1917 million yuan of central financial funds. In August 2021, Nong'an County reported that the relevant problems had been rectified, but the inspection found that the above-mentioned three manure conversion centers were still idle.

The audit found that at the end of 2020, 10 units including the Fourth People's Hospital of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province had a balance of 69.8836 million yuan in special anti-epidemic treasury bonds, and the rectification time limit was the end of March 2021. The ecological and environmental protection funds of 89.63 million yuan have been deposited in the relevant departments of Luliang City for a long time. The rectification time limit is the end of July 2021. As of the time of supervision, there are still 67.16 million yuan that have not been broken down and issued. The audit found that financial departments such as Siping City (the same level) and Lishu County in Jilin Province used 372 million yuan of central ecological and environmental protection funds for non-ecological environmental protection expenses. The rectification time limit is July 2021. The occupied funds of 51.9553 million yuan have not been returned in place.

"14th Five-Year" Digital Economy Development Plan of People's Republic of China is to further suppress freedom

 

Guofa [2021] No. 29

The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, all ministries and commissions of the State Council, and all institutions directly under the Central Government:

The "14th Five-Year Plan for Digital Economy Development" is hereby issued to you, please implement it conscientiously.

State Council of PRC

December 12, 2021

(This piece is publicly released) translated from Chinese website.

"14th Five-Year" Digital Economy Development Plan

The digital economy is the main economic form after the agricultural economy and the industrial economy. It takes data resources as the key element, modern information networks as the main carrier, and the integration and application of information and communication technology and the digital transformation of all elements as important driving forces to promote fair and a new economic form with more unified efficiency and fairness. The rapid development of the digital economy, the wide range of coverage, and the unprecedented degree of influence are driving profound changes in production methods, lifestyles, and governance methods, becoming a key force in reorganizing global factor resources, reshaping the global economic structure, and changing the global competition pattern. . During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's digital economy has turned to a new stage of deepening application, standardized development, and inclusive sharing. In order to cope with the new situation and new challenges, seize new opportunities for digital development, expand new space for economic development, and promote the healthy development of my country's digital economy, in accordance with the "14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of Vision 2035" , formulate this plan.

1. Development Status and Situation

(1) Development status.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, my country has deeply implemented the digital economy development strategy, continuously improved digital infrastructure, accelerated the cultivation of new business forms and new models, and achieved positive results in promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitization. In 2020, the added value of the core industries of my country's digital economy accounted for 7.8% of the gross domestic product (GDP), and the digital economy has provided a strong impetus for the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society.

The world's leading information infrastructure. The world's largest optical fiber and fourth-generation mobile communication (4G) network was built, and the construction and application of the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) network was accelerated. The penetration rate of broadband users has increased significantly, with fiber users accounting for more than 94%, mobile broadband user penetration reaching 108%, and the number of active Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) users reaching 460 million.

The digital transformation of the industry is progressing steadily. The digitalization of agriculture has been promoted in an all-round way. The digitalization level of the service industry has been significantly improved. The digital transformation of industry is accelerating, the digitalization level of production equipment of industrial enterprises continues to improve, and more enterprises are going to the "cloud".

New business forms and new models are competing to develop. The integration of digital technology and various industries is accelerating, e-commerce is booming, mobile payment is widely popularized, new production and living methods such as online learning, remote conferences, online shopping, and live video broadcasts are being promoted at an accelerated pace, and the Internet platform is growing day by day.

The construction of digital government has achieved remarkable results. The efficiency of integrated government services and supervision has been greatly improved. New service management models such as "one-stop service", "run at most once", "one-network unified management", and "one-network collaboration" have been widely popularized, the digital business environment has been continuously optimized, and online government affairs The service level has jumped to the world's leading ranks.

International cooperation in the digital economy continues to deepen. The "G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative" has won broad consensus around the world, the interconnection of information infrastructure has achieved remarkable results, the "Silk Road E-commerce" cooperation has achieved fruitful results, and my country's digital economy platform companies have accelerated their overseas expansion. Competitiveness continues to improve.

At the same time, the development of my country's digital economy also faces some problems and challenges: the lack of innovation capabilities in key areas, the situation that the industrial chain and supply chain are controlled by others has not fundamentally changed; the digital divide between different industries, regions and groups has not been effectively bridged, and even further forming the trend of expansion; the scale of data resources is huge, but the value potential has not been fully released; the digital economy governance system needs to be further improved.

(2) Facing the situation.

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is in-depth development, and digital transformation has become the general trend. Affected by multiple internal and external factors, the situation facing the development of my country's digital economy is undergoing profound changes.

Developing the digital economy is a strategic choice to grasp the new opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. The digital economy is an important manifestation of a country's comprehensive strength in the digital age and an important engine for building a modern economic system. Major countries in the world attach great importance to the development of the digital economy, and have issued strategic plans one after another, taking various measures to create new competitive advantages and reshape the new international pattern in the digital age.

Data elements are the core engine for the deepening development of the digital economy. The multiplier effect of data on improving production efficiency has become increasingly prominent, and it has become the most characteristic production factor of the times. The explosive growth and massive agglomeration of data contain enormous value and bring new opportunities for intelligent development. Coordinated promotion of innovations in technology, models, formats and systems, and effective use of data elements will bring strong impetus to the digital development of the economy and society.

Digital services are an important way to meet people's needs for a better life. Digital methods are effectively breaking the barriers of time and space, improving the level of inclusiveness of limited resources, greatly facilitating people's lives, and meeting diverse and individual needs. The development of the digital economy is allowing the masses to enjoy tangible and visible benefits.

Standardizing, healthy and sustainable is an urgent requirement for the high-quality development of the digital economy. The scale of my country's digital economy is expanding rapidly, but the problems of unbalanced, insufficient and non-standard development are more prominent. It is urgent to change the traditional development mode, speed up the improvement of shortcomings, improve the governance level of my country's digital economy, and embark on a high-quality development path.

2. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology.

Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and all the 19th Plenary Sessions, based on the new development stage, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development , coordinating development and security, coordinating domestic and international, taking data as the key element, focusing on the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy, strengthening the construction of digital infrastructure, improving the governance system of the digital economy, and promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitization in coordination, empowering It can transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate new industries, new formats and new models, and continuously strengthen and optimize my country's digital economy, providing strong support for building a digital China.

(2) Basic principles.

Adhere to innovation-led and integrated development. Adhere to innovation as the primary driving force for development, highlight the strategic supporting role of science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement, promote the extensive and in-depth penetration of digital technology into various fields of economic, social and industrial development, promote the integration and innovation of digital technology, application scenarios and business models, and form a technology-based technology. Develop a development pattern that promotes the improvement of total factor productivity and drives technological progress through field applications.

Adhere to application traction and data empowerment. Adhere to the orientation of digital development, give full play to the advantages of my country's massive data, vast market space and rich application scenarios, fully release the value of data elements, activate the potential of data elements, and use data flow to promote the efficient connection of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption. Collaborative innovation of data technology products, application paradigms, business models and institutional mechanisms.

Adhere to fair competition, safety and order. Highlight the basic status of competition policy, insist on promoting development and pay equal attention to regulatory norms, improve and enhance the coordinated regulatory rules and regulations, strengthen anti-monopoly and prevent the disorderly expansion of capital, promote the healthy and sustainable development of the platform economy, and establish and improve market supervision and macroeconomics that adapt to the development of the digital economy. Regulations, policies and regulations, and firmly adhere to the bottom line of safety.

Adhere to systematic advancement, coordination and efficiency. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, and build a new mechanism for the development of the digital economy in which various economic and social entities participate in multiple ways and cooperate with each other. Combined with my country's industrial structure and resource endowments, we will give full play to our comparative advantages, systematically plan, and pragmatically advance, and better play the role of the government in the development of the digital economy.

(3) Development goals.

By 2025, the digital economy will enter a period of comprehensive expansion, the added value of the core industries of the digital economy will account for 10% of GDP, the development capability of digital innovation will be greatly improved, the level of intelligence will be significantly enhanced, and the integration of digital technology and the real economy will achieve remarkable results. The economic governance system has become more complete, and the competitiveness and influence of my country's digital economy has steadily increased.

——The initial establishment of the market system for data elements. The data resource system is basically established, and data resources are used to promote the coordination of the entire value chain of R&D, production, circulation, service, and consumption. The marketization of data elements has achieved results, and data rights confirmation, pricing, and transactions have been carried out in an orderly manner, exploring the establishment of an income distribution mechanism commensurate with the value and contribution of data elements, and stimulating the innovative vitality of market players.

——The digital transformation of the industry has reached a new level. The digital transformation of agriculture is advancing rapidly, the digitization, networking, and intelligence of the manufacturing industry are further deepened, the integrated development of the producer service industry has accelerated and popularized, the diversification of the daily service industry has been significantly accelerated, and the supporting service system for the digital transformation of the industry is basically complete. Promote green development in the process.

——The level of digital industrialization has been significantly improved. The independent innovation capability of digital technology has been significantly improved, the quality of digital product and service supply has been greatly improved, the core competitiveness of the industry has been significantly enhanced, and a global leading edge has been formed in some fields. New industries, new formats and new models continue to emerge and are widely popularized, and their driving role in improving the quality and efficiency of the real economy has been significantly enhanced.

——Digital public services are more inclusive and equal. Digital infrastructure is widely integrated into production and life, and its supporting role in government services, public services, people's livelihood security, and social governance is further highlighted. The digital business environment has been further optimized, the level of e-government services has been further improved, the networked, digital, and intelligent service system that benefits enterprises and the people has been continuously improved, and the digital divide has been accelerated.

——The digital economy governance system is more perfect. A coordinated and unified digital economy governance framework and rule system have been basically established, and cross-departmental and cross-regional collaborative supervision mechanisms have been basically sound. The government's digital supervision capabilities have been significantly enhanced, and the level of industry and market supervision has been greatly improved. A digital economy governance pattern dominated by the government, multi-participation, and guaranteed by the rule of law has basically taken shape, and the level of governance has been significantly improved. The system of laws, regulations and systems compatible with the development of the digital economy will be more complete, and the security system of the digital economy will be further strengthened.

Looking forward to 2035, the digital economy will move towards a period of prosperity and maturity, striving to form a modern market system for the digital economy that is unified, fair, orderly, competitive, and mature.

14^th Five Year Digital Economy Development KPI

Index	2020	2025	Property
Digital Economy Core Value Increase to GDP	7.8%	10%	Forecasted
IPv6 Active User Number	460 million	800 million	Forecasted
Gigabit Broadband User Number	6.4 million	60 million	Forecasted
Software and IT Service Industry Size	8.16 trillion	14 trillion	Forecasted
Penetration Rate of Industrial IoT Platform Application	14.7%	45%	Forecasted
National Online Sales	11.76 trillion	17 trillion	Forecasted
Digital Commerce Transactions	37.21 trillion	46 trillion	Forecasted
Online Government Service Real ID User Size	400 million	800 million	Forecasted

3. Optimizing and upgrading digital infrastructure

(1) Accelerate the construction of information network infrastructure. Build an intelligent and comprehensive digital information infrastructure that is high-speed ubiquitous, integrated with heaven and earth, cloud-network integration, intelligent and agile, green and low-carbon, safe and controllable. Promoting the expansion of backbone network in an orderly manner, coordinating the construction of gigabit optical fiber network and 5G network infrastructure, promoting the commercial deployment and large-scale application of 5G, forward-looking layout of the sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) network technology reserves, and increasing support for 6G technology research and development, Actively participate in the promotion of 6G international standardization. Actively and steadily promote the evolution and upgrading of space information infrastructure, accelerate the deployment of satellite communication networks, etc., and promote the construction of satellite Internet. Improve the coverage level of the Internet of Things in industrial manufacturing, agricultural production, public services, emergency management and other fields, and enhance the Internet of Things access capability of fixed-mobile integration and wide-narrow combination.

Box 1 Information Internet Infrastructure Optimisation and Enhancement Project

Advance capacity expansion and speeding up of optic fibre network. Accelerate installing gigabit fibre network, continue to promote the construction of a new generation of ultra-large-capacity, ultra-long-distance, and intelligently dispatched optical transmission networks to achieve full coverage of gigabit optical fiber networks in urban areas and key townships.          Accelerate the large-scale construction of 5G networks. Promote the large-scale commercial use of 5G independent networking SA, take major engineering applications as the traction, support the deep coverage of 5G networks in typical fields such as industry, power grids, and ports, and focus on industry integration applications.          Promote the large-scale deployment and application of IPv6. Carry out in-depth IPv6 transformation of network infrastructure, enhance network interconnection and interoperability, optimize network and application service performance, improve infrastructure service carrying capacity and terminal support capabilities, and deepen IPv6 transformation of various websites and applications.           Accelerate Upgrading of Space Information Infrastructure.  Improve the support capabilities of satellite communication, satellite remote sensing, and satellite navigation and positioning systems, and build a global coverage and efficient operation of communication, remote sensing, and navigation space infrastructure systems.

(2) Promote the development of cloud-network collaboration and computing-network integration. Accelerate the construction of a national integrated big data center system with the coordination of computing power, algorithms, data, and application resources. In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Chengdu-Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and other regions, lay out the national hub nodes of the national integrated computing power network, build data center clusters, combine application, Industry and other development needs optimize the layout of data center construction. Accelerate the implementation of the "East Digital and Western Computing" project, promote the coordinated development of cloud and network, improve the cross-network and cross-regional data interaction capabilities of data centers, strengthen edge computing capabilities for specific scenarios, and strengthen computing power coordination and intelligent scheduling. In accordance with the principles of green, low-carbon, intensive, and high-efficiency, we will continue to promote the construction of green digital centers, accelerate the energy-saving transformation of data centers, and continue to improve the utilization of renewable energy in data centers. Promote the orderly development of intelligent computing centers, build a new intelligent infrastructure integrating intelligent computing power, general algorithms and development platforms, and provide systematic services for key emerging fields such as government services, smart cities, intelligent manufacturing, autonomous driving, and language intelligence. artificial intelligence services.

(3) Promoting the intelligent upgrade of infrastructure in an orderly manner. Steadily build intelligent and efficient integrated infrastructure, and improve the level of infrastructure networking, intelligence, service, and synergy. Efficiently deploy artificial intelligence infrastructure to enhance the industry empowerment capabilities that support the development of "intelligence +". Promote the intelligent transformation of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery infrastructure and production equipment, and promote the application of machine vision, machine learning and other technologies. Build a reliable, flexible and secure industrial Internet infrastructure to support the ubiquitous connection, flexible supply and efficient allocation of manufacturing resources. Accelerate the digital transformation of infrastructure in the fields of energy, transportation, water conservancy, logistics, and environmental protection. Promote the construction of new urban infrastructure, and improve the intelligence level of municipal public facilities and buildings. Build an advanced, inclusive, intelligent and collaborative life service digital integration facility. In the process of intelligent upgrading of infrastructure, the special needs of the elderly and other groups will be fully met, and a new digital life of wisdom sharing and harmonious co-governance will be created.

Fourth, give full play to the role of data elements

(1) Strengthen the supply of high-quality data elements. Support market entities to carry out data collection in compliance with laws and regulations, focus on data labeling, cleaning, desensitization, declassification, aggregation, analysis and other links, improve data resource processing capabilities, and cultivate and expand the data service industry. Promote the construction of data resource standard system, improve data management level and data quality, and explore sharing, exchange, collaboration and opening for business applications. Accelerate the promotion of the compatibility and unification of communication protocols in various fields, break down technical and protocol barriers, strive to achieve interoperability and form a complete and connected data chain. Promote data classification and hierarchical management, and strengthen data security risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, and emergency response. Deepen the orderly sharing of government affairs data across levels, regions, and departments. Establish and improve the national public data resource system, coordinate the development and utilization of public data resources, promote the safe and orderly opening of basic public data, build a unified national public data open platform and development and utilization ports, improve the level of public data openness, and release data dividends.

Box 2 Data Quality Improvement Project

1. Improve the quality of basic data resources. Establish and improve update mechanism of the national population, legal person, natural resource and spatial geographic information, continue to improve the construction, management and service of the national basic data resource database, and ensure that basic information data is timely, accurate and reliable. 2. Cultivate data service providers. Support the development of social data service institutions, and carry out processing businesses such as collection, sorting, aggregation, and analysis of public resource data, Internet data, and enterprise data in accordance with laws and regulations. 3. Promote the standardization of data resources. Accelerate the development of national standards such as data resource planning, data governance, data asset assessment, data services, and data security, and increase the publicity and implementation of key national standards such as data management and data openness and sharing.

(2) Accelerate the market-based circulation of data elements. Accelerate the establishment of market rules for data elements, cultivate market entities, improve the governance system, and promote the market circulation of data elements. Encourage market entities to explore data asset pricing mechanisms, promote the formation of data asset catalogs, and gradually improve the data pricing system. Standardize data transaction management, cultivate standardized data transaction platforms and market entities, and establish and improve market operation systems such as data asset evaluation, registration and settlement, transaction matching, and dispute arbitration to improve data transaction efficiency. Severely crack down on data black market transactions and create a safe and orderly market environment.

(3) Innovate the mechanism for the development and utilization of data elements. Adapt to the characteristics of different types of data, and explore the establishment of diversified data development and utilization mechanisms based on practical application needs. Encourage market forces to tap the value of commercial data, promote the productization and serviceization of data value, vigorously develop specialized and personalized data services, and promote the deep integration of data, technology, and scenarios to meet data needs in various fields. Encourage key industries to innovate data development and utilization models, and mobilize industry associations, research institutes, enterprises and other parties to participate in data value development on the premise of ensuring data security and user privacy. For government affairs data and public data that have economic and social value and are allowed to be processed and utilized, encourage more social forces to develop and utilize value-added data through data opening, licensed development, and authorized applications. Combined with the construction of new smart cities, accelerate the integration of urban data and the cultivation of industrial ecology, and improve the level of urban data operation and development and utilization.

5. Vigorously promote the digital transformation of the industry

(1) Accelerate the digital transformation and upgrading of enterprises. Guide enterprises to strengthen digital thinking, improve employees' digital skills and data management capabilities, and comprehensively and systematically promote the digital transformation of enterprises' R&D, design, production and processing, operation management, sales services and other businesses. Support qualified large enterprises to build an integrated digital platform, fully integrate the internal information system of the enterprise, strengthen the data connection of the whole process, accelerate the business collaboration of the whole value chain, form a data-driven intelligent decision-making ability, and improve the overall operation efficiency of the enterprise and the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. Collaborative efficiency. Implement a special campaign for digital empowerment of small and medium-sized enterprises, support small and medium-sized enterprises to start with the urgent needs of digital transformation, accelerate the promotion of applications such as online marketing, remote collaboration, digital office, and intelligent production lines, and expand from point to point to the digital transformation of the whole business and the whole process. . Encourage and support Internet platforms and leading enterprises in the industry to open up digital resources and capabilities based on their own advantages, and help traditional enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises achieve digital transformation. Implement the inclusive "cloud, use data and empower intelligence" service, promote enterprises to go to the cloud and the platform, reduce technical and financial barriers, and accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises.

(2) Comprehensively deepen the digital transformation of key industries. Based on the characteristics and differentiated needs of different industries, promote the all-round and full-chain digital transformation of traditional industries, and improve total factor productivity. Vigorously improve the level of agricultural digitalization, promote comprehensive information services for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", innovate and develop smart agriculture, and improve the digitalization level of agricultural production, processing, sales, logistics and other links. Promote the digital transformation of the industry in depth, accelerate the digital transformation of the entire life cycle of R&D design, manufacturing, operation management, market services, etc., and accelerate the cultivation of a group of "specialized, specialized, and new" small and medium-sized enterprises and single champion enterprises in the manufacturing industry. Deeply implement the intelligent manufacturing project, vigorously promote the digitization of equipment, carry out special actions for intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstrations, and improve the national intelligent manufacturing standard system. Cultivate and promote new models such as personalized customization and networked collaboration. Vigorously develop digital commerce, comprehensively accelerate the digital transformation of commerce, logistics, finance and other service industries, optimize management systems and service models, and improve the quality and efficiency of service industries. Promote the in-depth application of digital technology in the field of whole-process engineering consulting, and lead the transformation and upgrading of consulting services and engineering construction models. Accelerate the promotion of smart energy construction and application, promote the intelligent upgrade of energy production, transportation, consumption and other links, and promote the low-carbon transformation of the energy industry. Accelerate the construction and application of the basic information platform of land and space. Promote the application of industrial Internet integration, cultivate supply chain finance, service-oriented manufacturing and other integration development models, and use digital technology to promote industrial integration and development.

(3) Promote the digital transformation of industrial parks and industrial clusters. Guide industrial parks to speed up the construction of digital infrastructure, and use digital technology to improve park management and service capabilities. Actively explore the joint operation mode of platform enterprises and industrial parks, enrich the supply of technology, data, platforms, supply chains and other services, improve the level of resource sharing combined online and offline, and guide various elements to accelerate the accumulation of parks. Focusing on common transformation needs, promote the implementation and large-scale development of shared manufacturing platforms in industrial clusters. Explore the development of "virtual" industrial parks and industrial clusters that cross physical boundaries, accelerate the virtual aggregation of industrial resources, platform-based operations, and networked collaboration, and build a new industrial digital ecosystem that combines virtual and real. Relying on key regions such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Chengdu-Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle, coordinate the promotion of digital infrastructure construction, explore the establishment of new cross-regional and cross-platform collaboration mechanisms for various industrial clusters, and promote innovative elements Integrate and share, build a regional digital development ecology with innovation synergy, dislocation complementation, and supply and demand linkage, and enhance the coordination and supporting capabilities of the industrial chain and supply chain.

(4) Cultivate the transformation and support service ecology. Establish a two-wheel drive of market-oriented services and public services, and a digital transformation service ecosystem supported by multiple factors such as technology, capital, talents, and data, and solve the problems of enterprises "will not transfer", "cannot transfer", and "dare not transfer". Facing the transformation needs of key industries and enterprises, cultivate and promote a number of digital solutions. Focus on transformation consulting, standard formulation, testing and evaluation, etc., cultivate a group of third-party professional service organizations, and enhance the scale and vitality of the digital transformation service market. Support universities, leading enterprises, industry associations, etc. to strengthen coordination, build a comprehensive testing and verification environment, and strengthen the supply of common industrial solutions. Build a digital transformation promotion center, connect and gather various resource conditions, provide digital transformation public services, create a regional industrial digital innovation complex, and drive the digital transformation of traditional industries.

6. Accelerate the promotion of digital industrialization

(1) Enhance the innovation capability of key technologies. Aim at strategic forward-looking fields such as sensors, quantum information, network communications, integrated circuits, key software, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and new materials, and give full play to the advantages of my country's socialist system, the new national system, and the super-large-scale market. , to improve the basic research and development capabilities of digital technology. Guided by the integration and application of digital technology and various fields, promote cross-border innovation of industry enterprises, platform enterprises and digital technology service enterprises, optimize the rapid transformation mechanism of innovation achievements, and accelerate the engineering and industrialization of innovative technologies. Encourage the development of new innovation entities such as new R&D institutions and enterprise innovation consortia, and create an innovation ecosystem featuring diversified participation, networked collaboration, and market-oriented operation. Support the development of open source communities, open source platforms, and open source projects with independent core technologies, promote the co-construction and sharing of innovative resources, and promote the open evolution of innovative models.

Box 6 Digital Technology Innovation Breakthrough Project

1.Make up for the shortcomings of key technologies. Optimize and innovate organizational methods such as "revelation and leadership", focus on breakthroughs in key core technologies in the fields of high-end chips, operating systems, industrial software, core algorithms and frameworks, and strengthen the integrated research and development of general-purpose processors, cloud computing systems, and key software technologies. 2. Strengthen the supply of advantageous technologies. Support the construction of various industry-university-research collaborative innovation platforms, open up the innovation chain that runs through the entire process of basic research, technology research and development, pilot-scale maturation and industrialization, focusing on 5G, Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, etc. In the field, breakthroughs in integrated technologies such as intelligent manufacturing, digital twin, urban brain, edge computing, and brain-computer fusion. 3. Take the lead in the layout of cutting-edge technology integration and innovation. Promote the construction of cutting-edge disciplines and cross-research platforms, focus on the deployment of next-generation mobile communication technology, quantum information, neural chips, brain-like intelligence, deoxyribonucleic acid DNA storage, third-generation semiconductors and other emerging technologies, and promote technological integration and group breakthroughs in the fields of information, biology, materials, and energy.

(2) Enhance the competitiveness of core industries. Efforts will be made to improve the supply level of basic software and hardware, core electronic components, key basic materials and production equipment, and strengthen the self-sufficiency guarantee capability of key products. Implement the action of strengthening the industrial chain and complementing the chain, strengthen technological integration and product innovation for diversified application scenarios, enhance the competitiveness of key links in the industrial chain, and improve the supply chain of key industries such as 5G, integrated circuits, new energy vehicles, artificial intelligence, and industrial Internet. system. Deepen the integrated innovation and integrated application of the new generation of information technology, accelerate the innovation of platform-based, customized and lightweight service models, and create new advantages in emerging digital industries. Collaborate to promote the industrialization and large-scale application of information technology software and hardware products, accelerate integration adaptation and iterative optimization, promote the software industry to become bigger and stronger, and improve key software and hardware technology innovation and supply capabilities.

(3) Accelerate the cultivation of new business forms and new models. Promote the healthy development of the platform economy, guide and support platform enterprises to strengthen the integration and sharing of resources such as data, products, and content, and expand the coverage of online services such as collaborative office and Internet medical care. Deepen the application of the sharing economy in the field of life services, and expand new space for resource sharing such as innovation, production, and supply chain. Develop an intelligent economy based on digital technology, accelerate the optimization of intelligent product and service operations, and cultivate new growth points such as intelligent sales, unmanned distribution, intelligent manufacturing, and reverse customization. Improve the multi-value transfer and contribution distribution system, and guide the development of new employment and entrepreneurship platforms such as diversified social networking, short videos, and knowledge sharing in an orderly manner.

(4) Create a prosperous and orderly industrial innovation ecosystem. Give full play to the leading role of leading enterprises in the digital economy, strengthen resource sharing and data opening, and promote online and offline innovation collaboration, capacity sharing, and supply chain interoperability. Encourage the development of new collaboration platforms such as open source communities and developer platforms, foster an open and collaborative digital industry innovation ecosystem for large, medium and small enterprises and social developers, and drive the rapid growth of innovative enterprises. Promote the construction of industrial innovation service platforms with parks, industries, and regions as a whole, strengthen the convergence of advantageous resources such as technology research and development, standard formulation and revision, testing and evaluation, application training, and entrepreneurial incubation, and improve the support level of industrial innovation services.

7. Continuously improve the level of digitalization of public services

(1) Improve the efficiency of "Internet + government services". Comprehensively enhance the functions of the national integrated government service platform, accelerate the standardization, standardization and facilitation of government services, continue to improve the level of digitalization and intelligence of government services, and realize the "one-stop service" for high-frequency service matters that benefit enterprises and people. Establish and improve government data sharing and coordination mechanisms, speed up the unified authentication of digital identities and mutual trust and mutual recognition of electronic certificates, electronic signatures, and electronic official documents, promote the reform of electronic invoices, and promote government data sharing, process optimization, and business collaboration. Promote the overall linkage between online and offline government services, online the whole process, and in-depth expansion to the grassroots level, and improve the level of service facilitation and sharing. Carry out in-depth integration and innovation of government data, business and services, enhance the ability to predict the demand for matters handling based on big data, and create active, multi-level innovative service scenarios. Focus on public health, social security, emergency management and other fields, deepen the application of digital technology, and achieve rapid response and coordinated handling of major public emergencies.

(2) Improve the level of digital inclusiveness of social services. Accelerate the promotion of digital supply and networked services of public service resources in the fields of culture and education, medical and health care, exhibition tourism, sports and fitness, and promote the sharing and reuse of high-quality resources. Make full use of new digital technologies to strengthen the connection between supply and demand in the fields of employment, pension, child welfare, childcare, and housekeeping, and further optimize the allocation of resources. Develop smart radio and television networks, and accelerate the integration and upgrading of national cable television networks. Carry out in-depth trials of universal telecommunications services to improve network coverage in rural and remote areas. Strengthen remote services for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas, and poverty alleviation areas, expand service content such as education, medical care, social security, and counterpart assistance, and help equalize basic public services. Strengthen the construction of information accessibility, and improve the digital social service capabilities for special groups. Promote the in-depth integration of social services and digital platforms, explore multi-field cross-border cooperation, and promote the integration of medical care, culture and education, sports and medicine, and cultural tourism.

(3) Promote the integrated development of digital urban and rural areas. Coordinate and promote the construction of new smart cities and digital villages, and coordinate and optimize urban and rural public services. Deepen the construction of a new type of smart city, promote the integration and sharing of urban data and business collaboration, improve the city's comprehensive management service capabilities, improve the urban information model platform and operation management service platform, and build a digital twin city according to local conditions. Accelerate the extension of urban intelligent facilities to rural areas, improve the supply of informatization services in rural areas, promote the two-way free flow of urban and rural elements, rationally allocate public resources, and form a digital urban-rural integrated development pattern with urban areas leading to rural areas, co-construction and sharing. Build a dynamic statistics release mechanism for urban and rural permanent residents, and use digital means to help improve the level of basic public services in urban and rural areas.

(4) Create a new digital life with shared wisdom. Accelerate the digital transformation of existing residential and community facilities, encourage the simultaneous planning and construction of intelligent systems in new residential areas, and build public facilities such as intelligent buildings, intelligent parking lots, intelligent charging piles, and intelligent garbage bins. Guide the interconnection of smart home products, promote the intelligent interaction between home products and the home environment, and enrich the digital home life applications of "one-button control" and "one-sound response". Strengthen the popularization and application of ultra-high-definition TV, and develop new formats such as interactive video, immersive video, and cloud games. Innovate and develop "cloud life" services, deepen the integration of artificial intelligence, virtual reality, 8K high-definition video and other technologies, expand applications in social, shopping, entertainment, exhibition and other fields, and promote the upgrading of the quality of life consumption. Encourage the construction of smart communities and smart service life circles, promote the integration of public service resources, and improve the level of professional and market-oriented services. Support physical consumption venues to build new digital consumption scenarios, promote applications such as smart tours, smart diversion, virtual-real interactive experience, and non-contact services to improve scenario consumption experience. Cultivate a group of new consumption demonstration cities and leading enterprises, build digital product service exhibition exchange and skills training centers, and cultivate the national digital consumption awareness and habits.

8. Improve the digital economy governance system

(1) Strengthen the collaborative governance and supervision mechanism. Regulate the development of the digital economy, and insist on both development and supervision. Explore the establishment of governance methods that are compatible with the sustainable and healthy development of the digital economy, formulate more flexible and effective policies and measures, and innovate collaborative governance models. Clarify the responsibilities of competent departments and regulatory agencies, strengthen cross-department, cross-level, and cross-regional coordinated supervision, clarify the scope of supervision and unified rules, and strengthen division of labor, cooperation and coordination. Deepen the reform of "delegating power, delegating power, regulating services", optimizing the business environment, classifying and regulating matters such as administrative licenses and qualifications that do not meet the needs of the development of the digital economy, and further unleashing the innovative vitality and endogenous power of market players. Encourage and urge enterprises to operate in good faith, strengthen credit-based digital economy market supervision, establish and improve credit files, and promote credit sharing and co-governance through government-enterprise linkages and industry linkages. Strengthen the construction of credit investigation and improve the supply capacity of credit investigation services. Accelerate the establishment of an all-round, multi-level, and three-dimensional supervision system, realize pre-event, in-event, and post-event supervision of the whole chain and all fields, improve the coordination and consultation mechanism, and effectively crack down on illegal and criminal acts in the field of digital economy. Strengthen cross-departmental and cross-regional division of labor and collaboration, promote the collection, sharing and utilization of regulatory data, and improve the level of openness, transparency, and the rule of law in supervision. Explore and carry out cross-scenario, cross-business and cross-department joint supervision pilots, innovate supervision models based on new technology means, and establish and improve trigger supervision mechanisms. Strengthen tax supervision and tax audit.

(2) Strengthen the government's digital governance capabilities. Strengthen the overall planning of government informatization construction, strengthen the government's digital governance and service capacity building, and effectively play a supporting role in regulating the market, encouraging innovation, and protecting consumers' rights and interests. Establish and improve statistical monitoring and decision analysis systems based on new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain to improve the accuracy, coordination, and effectiveness of digital economic governance. Promote and improve the risk emergency response process and mechanism, strengthen the research and judgment of major issues and risk early warning, and improve the level of systemic risk prevention. Explore and establish a supervision mechanism that adapts to the characteristics of the platform economy, promote the effective connection of online and offline supervision, and strengthen the supervision of platform operators and their behavior.

(3) Improve the new pattern of pluralistic co-governance. Establish and improve a new digital economy governance pattern with multiple participation and effective coordination of governments, platforms, enterprises, industry organizations, and the public, form governance synergies, encourage healthy competition, and maintain a fair and efficient market. Accelerate the improvement of the market access system and fair competition review mechanism, improve the digital economy fair competition supervision system, and prevent and stop the abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition. Further clarify the main responsibilities and obligations of platform enterprises, promote the establishment of industry service standards and industry self-discipline, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of platform employees and consumers. Carry out social supervision, media supervision, and public supervision, cultivate a new ecology of diversified governance and coordinated development. Encourage the establishment of online dispute resolution mechanisms and channels, and formulate and publicize dispute resolution rules. Guide all sectors of the society to actively participate in the promotion of digital economy governance, strengthen and improve anti-monopoly law enforcement, unblock channels for the expression of demands of multiple entities and protect rights and interests, resolve conflicts and disputes in a timely manner, and safeguard public interests and social stability.

9. Focus on strengthening the digital economy security system

(1) Enhance network security protection capabilities. Strengthen the implementation of the requirements for simultaneous planning, simultaneous construction, and simultaneous use of network security technical measures to ensure the safe and orderly operation of important systems and facilities. Strengthen the construction of network security infrastructure, strengthen cross-domain network security information sharing and work coordination, improve the early warning and notification mechanism for network security emergency incidents, and improve network security situational awareness, threat detection, emergency command, collaborative handling, and attack source tracing capabilities. Improve network security emergency response capabilities, strengthen network security protection capabilities for key information infrastructure in important industries such as telecommunications, finance, energy, transportation, and water conservancy, support normalized security risk assessments, and strengthen network security level protection and password application security assessments . Support network security protection technology and product development and application, and promote the use of safe and reliable information products, services and solutions. Strengthen the safety research management for new technologies and new applications, and provide guarantees for the healthy development of new industries, new formats and new models. Accelerate the development of the network security industry system, and promote the application of network security technologies such as mimetic defense and data encryption. Strengthen network security publicity and education and personnel training, and support the development of social network security services.

(2) Improve the level of data security. Establish and improve the data security governance system, and study and improve industry data security management policies. Establish a data classification and grading protection system, study and promote the construction of a data security standard system, standardize the whole life cycle management of data collection, transmission, storage, processing, sharing, and destruction, and promote data users to fulfill their data security protection responsibilities. Strengthen the security protection of government data in accordance with laws and regulations, and do a good job in the security management of government data opening and socialized use. Conduct network security reviews and cloud computing service security assessments in accordance with laws and regulations to effectively prevent national security risks. Improve and improve the relevant systems and norms for the safety management of cross-border data flow. Promote the improvement of the safety and reliability of important facilities and equipment, and enhance the data security assurance capabilities of key industries. Further strengthen the protection of personal information, standardize the collection, transmission and use of identity information, privacy information, and biometric information, and strengthen the ability to supervise the safety of the collection and use of personal information.

(3) Effectively prevent all kinds of risks. Strengthen the comprehensive research and judgment of digital economy security risks, and prevent economic risks, technical risks and social stability issues that may be caused by the superposition of various risks. Guide social capital to invest in original and leading innovation fields, avoid low-level repetition, homogeneous competition, blindly following trends and hype, etc., and support sustainable development of business formats and models. Adhere to the inclusion of all financial activities in financial supervision, strengthen dynamic monitoring, standardize the orderly innovation of digital finance, and strictly prevent derivative business risks. Promote the diversified supply of key products, focus on improving the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain, and enhance the impact resistance of the industrial system. Guide enterprises to improve self-discipline mechanisms in areas such as legal compliance, data management, and application of new technologies, and prevent digital technology application risks. Improve the unemployment insurance and social assistance systems, and improve the work-related injury insurance system for flexible employment. Improve the social insurance system and labor rights protection system for people with flexible employment, and promote the pilot program for people with flexible employment to participate in the housing provident fund system. Explore the establishment of new-type enterprise labor security credit evaluation, trustworthy incentives, and untrustworthy punishment systems. Efforts shall be made to promote the inclusive and shared development of the digital economy, and improve the network protection mechanism for various special groups such as minors and the elderly.

10. Effectively expand international cooperation in the digital economy

(1) Accelerate the digital development of trade. Drive the transformation of trade entities and the transformation of trade methods with digitalization, and create a favorable environment for trade digitalization. Improve digital trade promotion policies, strengthen institutional supply and legal protection. Increase the opening-up of the service industry, explore and relax the access of new business forms of the digital economy, introduce multinational service companies in the global service industry to set up operation headquarters, R&D and design centers, procurement logistics centers, and settlement centers in China, actively introduce high-quality foreign-funded enterprises and entrepreneurial teams, and strengthen international Innovative resources are "brought in". Relying on the free trade pilot zone, digital service export base and Hainan Free Trade Port, for typical scenarios such as cross-border delivery logistics, cross-border payment and supply chain management, a safe and convenient dedicated channel for international Internet data and dedicated channel for international data and information will be built. Vigorously develop cross-border e-commerce, solidly promote the construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas, actively encourage exploration and innovation in various business links, cultivate and expand a number of cross-border e-commerce leading enterprises, overseas warehouse leaders and excellent industrial parks, and create cross-border e-commerce. business industry chain and ecosystem.

(2) Promote the in-depth development of the "Digital Silk Road". Strengthen overall planning, and promote China-ASEAN smart city cooperation and China-CEEC digital economy cooperation with high quality. Focusing on multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation agreements, build a new pattern of trade and investment openness, expand digital economic partnerships with ASEAN and the European Union, and conduct research and cooperation in the field of digital economy with the African Union and African countries. Coordinate and carry out overseas digital infrastructure cooperation, and carry out cross-border optical cable construction cooperation with countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" in accordance with local needs and conditions to ensure the interconnection of network infrastructure. Build a blockchain-based trusted service network and application support platform to provide a basic guarantee for extensive digital economic cooperation. Promote the global development of emerging service capabilities such as data storage and intelligent computing. Increase innovation in cooperation models in the fields of finance, logistics, e-commerce, etc., support my country's digital economy enterprises to "go global", and actively participate in international cooperation.

(3) Actively build a good environment for international cooperation. Advocate the building of a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative, and orderly cyberspace community with a shared future, actively safeguard cyberspace sovereignty, and strengthen international cyberspace cooperation. Accelerate the research and formulation of digital economy-related standards and governance rules in line with my country's national conditions. Relying on bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms, carry out international coordination of digital economy standards and cooperation in digital economy governance. Actively learn from international rules and experience, and explore and establish governance rules around major issues such as cross-border data flow, market access, anti-monopoly, digital renminbi, and data privacy protection. Deepen inter-governmental digital economy policy exchanges and dialogues, establish multilateral digital economy partnerships, actively participate in international organizations' digital economy negotiations, and expand cooperation in frontier fields. Build a professional intermediary service mechanism and public service platform for commercial coordination, legal counsel, intellectual property, etc., to prevent various foreign-related economic and trade legal risks, and to escort overseas enterprises.

11. Safeguards

(1) Strengthen overall coordination and organization and implementation. Establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for the development of the digital economy, strengthen situation research and judgment, coordinate and solve major problems, and pragmatically promote the implementation of the plan. All localities should base themselves on the actual situation in their region, improve the coordination mechanism for work promotion, enhance their ability to develop the digital economy, and promote the digital economy to better serve and integrate into the new development pattern. Further strengthen the interpretation and publicity of digital economy development policies, deepen theoretical and practical research on digital economy, and improve statistical measurement and evaluation systems. All departments should fully integrate existing resources, strengthen cross-departmental coordination and communication, and effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties.

(2) Increase financial support. Increase investment in the weak links of the digital economy, break through the shortcomings and bottlenecks that restrict the development of the digital economy, and establish a long-term mechanism to promote the development of the digital economy. Diversified investment and financing channels shall be expanded, and enterprises shall be encouraged to carry out technological innovation. Encourage and guide social capital to set up market-oriented digital economy subdivision funds, support eligible digital economy enterprises to enter the multi-level capital market for financing, encourage banking financial institutions to innovate products and services, and increase support for the core industries of the digital economy strength. Strengthen the overall planning and guidance of various types of funds, and improve the quality and efficiency of investment.

(3) Improve the digital literacy and skills of the entire population. Implement the national digital literacy and skill improvement plan, expand the supply of high-quality digital resources, and encourage the wider opening of public digital resources to the society. Promote the construction of information technology courses in primary and secondary schools, strengthen the training of digital technology skills in vocational colleges (including technical colleges), deepen the construction of new engineering and new liberal arts in the field of digital economy, and support enterprises and colleges to build a number of modern industrial colleges and joint ventures. Laboratories, practice bases, etc., develop diversified talent training models such as the order system and the modern apprenticeship system. Formulate and implement a special training plan for digital skills improvement, improve the ability of the elderly and the disabled to use digital technology, and effectively solve the difficulties faced by the elderly and the disabled. Improve citizens' online civilization literacy and strengthen the ethics of digital society. Encourage the inclusion of talents in the digital economy into the support scope of various talent plans, and actively explore efficient and flexible talent introduction, training, evaluation and incentive policies.

(4) Implementing pilot demonstrations. Coordinate and promote the pilot demonstration of the digital economy, improve the efficient allocation mechanism for innovative resources, and build a leading digital economy industry clustering highland. Encourage all regions and departments to actively explore reform measures to adapt to the development trend of the digital economy, adopt effective methods and effective measures, and form a batch of replicable and popularized experience, practices and institutional achievements. Support all regions to take a comprehensive approach to industry, finance, scientific research, talent and other policy measures based on the actual situation of the region, and continuously improve the policy and regulation system, public service system, industrial ecosystem and technological innovation system that are compatible with the development of the digital economy. Encourage cross-regional exchanges and cooperation, summarize and promote the experience of various demonstration areas in a timely manner, strengthen benchmarking and demonstration guidance, and form a good situation where points lead to areas.

(5) Strengthen monitoring and evaluation. All regions and departments should, in light of the actual conditions of their regions and industries, formulate and introduce relevant supporting policies as soon as possible and promote their implementation. It is necessary to strengthen the follow-up monitoring and effect analysis of the implementation of the plan, do a good job in major tasks to promote the implementation, and summarize the progress of the work in a timely manner. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Central Cyberspace Administration of China, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology should work with relevant departments to strengthen investigation, research, supervision and guidance, organize and conduct evaluations in a timely manner, promote the implementation of various tasks, and report major issues to the State Council in a timely manner.