When toxicology conferences bring together multinational agribusinesses, American and European researchers, and scientists embedded in the PLA’s military medical system, the issue is no longer just academic exchange. It becomes a question of dual-use risk. Beneath the neutral language of “alternative testing methods,” “translational toxicology,” and “next-generation risk assessment,” these events reveal a dense network linking civilian science, global corporations, and China’s military research apparatus. In a world where substances such as fentanyl and synthetic stimulants are formally classified by the United States as chemical weapons or weapons of mass destruction, the convergence of advanced toxicological know-how with PLA participation deserves far more scrutiny than it has received.
Military-Civil Fusion Risks in Toxicology: Syngenta, US Researchers, and PLA Engagement by CPA Jim
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