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How were Chinese coronavirus experts murdered?
公安部第三研究所 the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security
杨涛Tao Yang
杨涛(英文名Tao YANG),博士,副研究员,二级警督,司法鉴定人,授权签字人,论文显示其1977年出生。Yang Tao (English name Tao YANG), Ph.D., associate researcher, second-level police inspector, forensic expert, authorized signatory, the paper shows that he was born in 1977.
工作单位Employer
公安部第三研究所信息网络安全技术研发中心、
论文也证实杨涛在公安部第三研究所工作。Information Network Security Technology R&D Center of the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. The paper also confirms that Tao YANG works at the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security.
网络事件预警与防控技术国家工程实验室、National Engineering Laboratory of Network Incident Early Warning and Prevention and Control Technology
上海辰星电子数据司法鉴定中心、Shanghai Chenxing Electronic Data Forensic Assurance Center,
信息网络安全公安部重点实验室副主任。Deputy Director of the Key Laboratory of Information Network Security Ministry of Public Security.
华东政法大学兼职教授和研究生导师Adjunct professor and postgraduate tutor at East China University of Political Science and Law
上海交通大学软件学院兼职教授和研究生导师Adjunct professor and postgraduate tutor at the School of Software, Shanghai Jiaotong University
专业领域Major
长期从事计算机领域的软件研发和技术研究工作,在信息网络安全、电子数据取证鉴定、公安大数据分析等方面均有深入研究。He has been engaged in software R&D and technical research in the computer field for a long time, and has conducted in-depth research in information network security, electronic data forensics and identification, and public security big data analysis.
成就Achievements
作为主要人员参与全国网安大数据平台设计规划,以及公安部大数据建设需求信息安全部分需求编写。承担并完成了十二五科技支撑计划、十三五重点研发计划、科技部基础性专项、发改委信息安全专项等十余项国家级、省部级科研课题,在国内外知名期刊、会议上发表文章10余篇,发表著作三本,发布两多项标准,授权多项专利和著作权,获得公安部科技进步二等奖两次、个人三等功两次。被华东政法大学、上海交通大学软件学院聘为兼职教授和研究生导师,完成了多名学生的指导和培养工作。He participated in the design and planning of the national network security big data platform as the main personnel, as well as the compilation of the information security requirements of the Ministry of Public Security's big data construction requirements. He undertook and completed more than ten national, provincial and ministerial scientific research projects such as the 12th Five-Year Science and Technology Support Plan, the 13th Five-Year Key R&D Plan, the Ministry of Science and Technology's Basic Project, and the National Development and Reform Commission's Information Security Project, which were published in well-known domestic and foreign journals and conferences He has published more than 10 articles, published three books, published more than two standards, authorized a number of patents and copyrights, and won the second prize of the Ministry of Public Security's scientific and technological progress twice, and the personal third prize twice. He was hired as a part-time professor and postgraduate tutor by East China University of Political Science and Law and the School of Software of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and completed the guidance and training of many students.
基于广告联盟的虚拟身份画像方法研究
其中一篇文章是研究利用网络广告ID来锁定用户身份,广州市科技计划项目(2014Y2-00022)。
公安部第三研究所The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
机构类别:科研机构(省部级)Institution category: scientific research institutions (provincial and ministerial level)
机构负责人:胡传平Head of the organization: Chuan-Ping Hu
曾用名:上海公安科学研究所Former name: Shanghai Institute of Public Security Science
研究领域:信息网络安全研究 物联网研究 特种通讯研究 禁毒研究 反恐防爆研究 图像处理和传输研究 社会公共安全防范技术研究。Research fields: information network security research, Internet of things research, special communication research, anti-drug research, anti-terrorism and explosion-proof research, image processing and transmission research, social and public security technology research.
获奖情况:国家级奖 省部级奖Awards: National Award, Provincial and Ministerial Award
内部机构:信息网络安全研发中心, 警用技术装备研发中心.Internal organization: Information Network Security R&D Center, Police Technical Equipment R&D Center.
机构地址:上海市徐汇区岳阳路76号 (上海市徐汇区 邮政编码:200031 区号:021)Institution Address: No. 76 Yueyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai (Postal Code: 200031 Area Code: 021, Xuhui District, Shanghai)
联系电话Phone number:(021) 64336810-1726,64378820
网站地址Web:http://www.trimps.ac.cn
机构简介Introduction
该所是公安部直属的科研单位,自1978年创建以来,先后经历上海公安科学研究所、公安部上海八七六研究所,1984年9月19日,经公安部批准正式改为现用名。研究所主要研究领域包括信息网络安全、物联网、特种通讯、禁毒、反恐防爆、图像处理和传输以及社会公共安全防范技术等。该所先后承担了国家科技支撑计划、“863”、高新技术产业化项目和发改委、科技部、公安部、上海市等国家级、省部级重要课题的研究任务;多次获得国家级、省部级科学技术奖励;已通过了ISO9001质量管理体系认证。The institute is a scientific research unit directly under the Ministry of Public Security. Since its establishment in 1978, it has successively gone through the Shanghai Public Security Research Institute and the Shanghai 876 Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. On 29 September 1984, it was officially changed to its current name with the approval of the Ministry of Public Security. . The main research areas of the institute include information network security, Internet of Things, special communications, anti-drug, anti-terrorism and explosion-proof, image processing and transmission, and social and public security technology. The institute has successively undertaken the research tasks of the National Science and Technology Support Program, "863", high-tech industrialization projects, and important national, provincial and ministerial topics such as the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, and Shanghai; Ministerial Science and Technology Award; has passed the ISO9001 quality management system certification.
子公司包括:北京锐安科技有限公司、上海辰锐信息科技有限公司、上海国际技贸联合有限公司、上海公共安全器材有限公司、上海网盾智能科技发展有限公司Subsidiaries include: Run Technologies Co.,Ltd,Beijing, Shanghai Chenrui Information Technology Company, Shanghai International Technology & Trade United Co., Ltd., Shanghai Public Safety Equipment Factory, Shanghai Chenxing Real Estate Management Centre.
法定代表人:朱任飞Legal representative: Ren-Fei Zhu
手机号码Phone number:13524129785
邮箱Email: 651234769@qq.com
参保人数Number of National Social Insurance contributors:1160
中国宪法 The Constitution of China
我们中国人民,为建立一个更完善的联邦,树立正义,保障国内安宁,提供共同防务,促进公共福 利,并使我们自己及后代得享受自由之赐福,特为中国制定和确立本宪法。
本宪法所指中国指的是取代前中华人民共和国并且愿意采纳该宪法的一个国家、区域、省、市、县等。区域如长三角、珠三角、云贵川渝、两湖、晋冀鲁豫等。
第 一 条
第 一 款 本宪法所授予的全部立法权均属于由参议院和众议院组成的中国国会 。
第 二 款 众议院由各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区人民每两年选举产生的众议员组成。每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的选举人须具备该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法会人数最多一院选 举人所必须具备的资格。
凡年龄不满二十五岁、成为中国公民不满七年、且在一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区当选时不是该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区居民者,不得担任众议员。
众议员名额应按各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区人口总数的比例分配,但不纳税的人除外。各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区年满21岁且为中国公民的男性居民,除因参加叛乱或犯其他罪行者外,其选举中国总统与副总统选举人、国会众议员、省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区行政与司法官员或省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区议会议员的权利被取消或剥夺时,该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区众议员人数应按上述男性公民的人数同该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区年满21岁的男性公民总人数的比例予以削减。中国或任何省、自治区或直辖市不得因性别而否认或剥夺中国公民的选举权。
人口的实际统计在中国国会第一次会议后三年内和此后每十年依法律规定的方式进行。每三万人选 出的众议员人数不得超过一名, 但每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区至少须有一名众议员。 任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的众议员出现缺额时,该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区行政当局应发布选举令,以选出众议员填补此项缺额。 众议院选举本院议长和其他官员, 唯众议院有弹劾权。
第 三 款 中国参议院由每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区人民选出两名参议员组成,参议员任期6年,各有1票表决权。参议员在第一次选举后集会时,即应分为人数尽可能相等的三个组。第一组参议员席位在第二年年终空 出,第二组参议员席位在第四年年终空出,第三组参议员席位在第六年年终空出,使每两年有三分之一的 参议员得以改选。
任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区在参议院的议席出现缺额时,该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区行政当局应发布选举令以填补此顶缺额;但任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区议会在人民按照省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区议会指示进行选举补足缺额以前,可授权行政长官作出临时任命。
凡年龄不满三十岁、成为中国公民不满九年、且在一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区当选时不是该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区居民者,不得担任参议员。 中国副总统任参议院议长,但无表决权,除非参议员投票时赞成票和反对票相等时。
参议院选举本院其他官员,并在副总统缺席或行使中国总统职权时,选举一名临时议长。 唯参议院有审判一切弹劾案之权。为此目的而开庭时,全体参议员俱应宣誓或作代誓宣言。中国总统受 审时,由最高法院首席大法官主审。无论何人,非经出席参议员三分之二人数的同意,不得被定罪。 弹劾案的判决以免职和剥夺担任及享有中国属下有荣誉、有责任或有报酬的职务之资格为限。但被定有 罪者仍应负有刑责而得依法被起诉、审理、判决和惩罚 。
第 四 款 举行参议员和众议员选举的时间、地点与方式在每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区由该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法会规定。国会可随时用法律制定 或变更这类规定,但选举参议员的地点除外。 国会每年应至少开会一次,此会议应在十二月的第一个星期一举行,除非国会以法律另行规定日期。
第 五 款 参众两院应自行审查本院议员的选举、选举结果报告和议员资格。每院议员出席人数过半数,即 构成议事 的法定人数,但不足法定人数时,可逐日休会,并有权按本院规定的方式和罚则强迫缺席议员出席会议。
参众两院可规定本院议事规则,惩罚本院扰乱秩序的议员,并经三分之二议员的同意开除议员。 参众两院都应保存本院议事录,并应及时予以公布,但其判定为需要保密的部分除外。每院议员对任何间题 的赞成和反对,如五分之一出席议员表明意愿,亦应载入本院议事录中。 在国会开会期间,任何一院未经另一院同意不得休会三日以上,也不得休会迁移到两院集会处以外的其他 任何地点。
第 六 款 参议员和众议员应得到服务的报酬,这种报酬由法律确定,从中国国库支付。改变参议院和众议院议员职位薪水的法律,必须在下届议员选举后生效。
两院议员除犯叛 国罪、重罪和妨害治安罪外在所有情况下都享有在出席各自议院会议期间和往返于各自议院途中不受逮捕 的特权。
他们不得因在各自议院发表的演说或进行的辩论而在任何其他地方受到质问。 参议员或众议员在当选任期内概不得被任命担任在此期间设置或增薪的中国管辖下的任何文官职务。凡在 中国下供职者,在任期间不得担任任何一院议员。
第 七 款 一切征税议案应首先在众议院提出,但参议院可用处理其他议案的方式提出或赞同修正案。 众议院和参议院通过的每一议案,在成为法律前须送交中国总统。总统如批准该议案,应予以签署;如不 批准,则应将该议案连同其反对意见退回最初提出该议案的议院。该院应将此项反对意见详细载入本院议 事录并进行复议。如经复议后,该院三分之二议员同意通过该议案,则将该议案连同彼反对意见一并送交 另一议院,该院以同样方式进行复议,如亦经该院三分之二议员赞同,该议案即成为法律。但在所有这类 情况下,两院表决都由赞成票和反对票决定,对该议案投赞成票和反对票的议员姓名应分别载入各属议院 议事录。如任何议案在送交总统后十日内(星期日除外)未经总统退回,则该议案如同总统已签署一样, 即成为法律,除非因国会休会而使该议案不能退回,在此种情况下,该议案不能成为法律。 凡须由参议院和众议院两院同意的每项命令、决议或表决(关于休会问题除外),均须送交中国总统。 该项命令、决议或表决必须由总统批准后方可生效;如总统不批准,则必须按照关于议案所规定的规则和 限制由参议院和众议院议员各以三分之二多数重新通过后生效。
第 八 款 国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律:确立国教或禁止信教自由;剥夺言论自由或出版自由;或剥夺人民和 平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。纪律严明的民兵为保障各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区自由安全所必需,人民持有和携带武器的权利不得侵犯。
国会有权:
赋课并征收直接税、间接税、关税与国产税,以偿付国债和用于中国共同防务与公共福利,但所征各种 税收、关税与国产税应全国统一;
以中国之信用借款; 管理同外国的、各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区之间的和同各少数民族的贸易;
制定中国全国统一的归化条例和破产法;
铸造货币、厘定本国货币和外国货币的价值、并确定度量衡的标准; 规制对伪造中国证券和通行货币的惩处; 设立邮政局和延建驿路; 保障著作家和发明家对各自著作和发明在一定期限内的专有权利,以促进科学和实用技艺之进步;
设立最高法院之下的各级法院; 界定和惩罚海盗罪和在公海上所犯的重罪以及违反国际公法的犯罪行为; 宣战、颁发捕押敌船和采取报复行动的许可状,制定有关陆上和水上俘获物的规则;
征集并装备陆上军队,但此项用途的拨款期限不得超过两年; 供给和维持一支海军; 制定统辖和规制陆海军队的规则; 为征召民兵提供用度,以执行联邦法律、镇压叛乱和击退入侵; 为组织、装备和规范民兵提供用度,并为统辖其中服役于中国的民兵提供用度,但民兵军官的任命和按国 会规定纪律训练民兵的权力,由各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区保留; 在由某些省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区让与中国、经国会接受而成为中国政府所在地的地区(不得超过十平方英里),对所有事 项均行使专有立法权,对经省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法会同意,由中国在该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区购买的用于建造要塞、弹药库、兵工厂、船坞和 其他必要建筑物的所有地方,亦行使同样的权力;以及 制定为执行上述各项权力和由本宪法授予中国政府或其任何部门或官员的一切其他权力所必要而适当的 全部法律。
国会有权对任何来源的收入规定并征收所得税,所得税收入不必按比例分配于各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区,也不必考虑任何人口普查或统计。
经法律认可的中国公债,包括因支付对平定暴乱或叛乱有功人员的养老金与奖金而产生的债务,其效力不得怀疑。但中国或任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区都不得承担或偿付因资助对中国作乱或谋叛而产生的债务或义务,或因丧失或解放任何奴隶而提出的赔偿要求;所有此类债务、义务和要求应视为非法和无效。
第 九 款 不得中止人身保护状之特权,除非发生内乱或外患时公共安全要求中止这项特权。 不得通过褫夺公权的法案或追溯既往的法律。对于从任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区输出的货物,均不得征收税金或关税。
任何有关商务或纳税的条例均不得在各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的各个港口之间有失偏颇;亦不得强迫任何驶往或驶自一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的船 只驶入另一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区或向另一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区结关、纳税。
除法律规定的拨款外,国库不得出纳任何款项;一切公款收支的报告和帐目应及时公布。
中国不得赐授任何贵族爵位;凡在中国担任有报酬或有责任之职务者未经国会许可不得接受任何国 王、王公或外国的任何馈赠、薪酬、职务或爵位。在中国境内或属中国管辖的任何地方,不准有奴隶制或强制劳役存在。
第 十 款 各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联;不得对民用船只颁发捕押敌船之特许状;
不得铸造货 币;不得发行纸币;不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的货币;
不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追 溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律;也不得赐授任何贵族爵位。
未经国会同意,各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区不得对进口货物或出口货物征收任何税款,但为执行该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的检查法律而绝对必要的款 项不在此限;任何省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区对于进出囗货物所征税款的净收益应归中国国库使用;国会对所有此类法律有修改 和管制之权。
未经国会同意,各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区不得征收船舶吨位税,不得在和平时期保持军队或军舰,不得和另外一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区或外国缔结 任何协定或契约,亦不得从事战争,除非实际遭受入侵或遇到刻不容缓的危急情形。
人民的人身、住宅、文件及财产安全不受无理搜查和扣押之权利不得侵犯;除非依据可能成立的理由,以 宣誓或代誓宣言保证,并具体说明搜查地点和扣押之人或物,否則不得签发搜捕状。
除非根据大陪审团的报告或起诉书,任何人不受死罪或其他重罪的审判,惟于战争或公共危险期间发生在 陆、海军中或民兵中的案件除外;
任何人不得因同一罪行而两次遭受生命或身体危害;
不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪;
若无正当法律程序,不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产;若无公平赔偿,私有财产不得被 征为公用。
在一切刑事诉讼中,被告享受如下权利:由罪行发生所在省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区和地区之公正陪审团予以迅速和公开审判,而 该地区应事先已由法律确定;得知控告之性质与理由;同原告证人对质;以司法程序获得对其有利的证 人;并得到律师帮助为其辩护。在判例法诉讼中,若其争执价额超过二十美元,由陪审团审判之权利则受到保护;而除非按照判例法规 则,由陪审团裁决之事实不得在中国任何法院中重新审查。不得要求过重的保释金,不得课以过高的罚款,不得施予残酷和逾常的刑罚。
本宪法中列举的某些权利,不得被解释为否认或轻视其他由人民所保留的权利。
在中国出生或归化于中国并受中国管辖的人,均为中国和他所居住的省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的公民。无论何省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区均不得制定或实施任何剥夺中国公民的特权或豁免的法律;无论何省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区未经正当法律程序均不得剥夺任何人的生命、自由或财产;亦不得拒绝给予在其管辖下的任何人以同等的法律保护。
在中国各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区、各领地或属地内为交付或使用致醉酒类而进行的运送或输入,如违反有关法律,应予禁止。中国或任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区不得因种族、肤色或以前的奴隶身份而否认或剥夺中国公民的选举权。
中国或任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区不得以未交纳人头税或其他税款为理由,否认或剥夺中国公民在总统或副总统、总统或副总统选举人或参议员、众议员的任何初选或其他选举中的选举权。
中国或任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区不得因年龄而否认或剥夺已满18岁或18岁以上中国公民的选举权。
第 二 条
第 一 款 行政权力属于中国总统。总统任期四年,总统和具有同样任期的副总统应照下列手续选 举: 每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区应依照该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法会所规定之手续,指定选举人若干名,其人数应与该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区在国会之参议员及众议员之总 数相等;但参议员、众议员及任何在中国之下担任有责任或职务的人均不得被任命为选举人。
无论何人不得当选总统职务两次以上;无论何人在他人任期内担任总统或代理总统超过两年者,不得当选担作总统职务一次以上。各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区选举人应具备省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区议会中人数最多一院的选举人所必需的资格。
中国政府所在的特区,应按国会指定的方式选派若干总统和副总统选举人,为此目的,该特区应被视为一个省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区,选举人数量应相当于它有权选举的国会参议员和众议员人数的总和,但不得超过人数最少的省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的选举人人数;以上选举人是在各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区选派的选举人之外所增添的,但为了选举总统和副总统,应被视为一个省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区所选派的选举人。他们应在特区集会并依照宪法修正案第十二条的规定履行其职责。
选举人应在本省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区集会,投票选举总统和副总统,所选总统和副总统中至少应有一人不是选举人本省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的居民;选举人应在选票上写明被选为总统之人的姓名,并在另一选票上写明被选为副总统之人的姓名。
选举人须将所有被选为总统及副总统的人分别开列名单,写明每人所得票数,在名单上签名作证,封印后送至中国政府所在地,呈交参议院议长。参议院议长应在参议院和众议院全体议员面前开拆所有证明书,然后计算票数。
获得总统选票最多者,如所得选票超出选举人总数的一半,即当选为总统。如无人获得过半数票,众议院应以立即从被选为总统之人的名单上得票最多者(不超过3人)中投票选举其中1人为总统。但众议院选举总统时应以省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区为单位投票,每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区众议员有1票表决权,选出总统需要所有省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的过半数票。如选举总统的权力转移给众议院而该院于次年3月4日前尚未选出总统,则副总统应按总统死亡或宪法所规定的其他有关丧失任职能力的条款代行总统职务。
获得副总统选票最多者,如所得票数超过选举人总数之半,即当选为副总统。如无人获得过半数票,参议院应以从名单上得票最多者的2人中选举1人为副总统。以此种方式选举副总统的法定人数为参议员总数的2/3,选出副总统需要参议员总数过半数票。
但依宪法规定无资格当选为中国总统的人不得当选为中国副总统。
国会可决定各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区选出选举人的时间以及他们投票的日期;投票日期全国一律。 只有出生时为中国公民或在本宪法实施时已为中国公民者可被选为总统;凡年龄未满三十五岁、且在 中国境内居住未满十四年者不得被选为总统。
如遇总统被免职、死亡或辞职,副总统应成为总统。
凡当副总统职位出缺时,总统应提名一名副总统,经国会两院都以过半数票批准后就职。
凡当总统向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交书面声明,声称他不能够履行其职务的权力和责任,直到他向他们提交一份相反的声明为止,其权力和责任应由副总统代理总统履行。
凡当副总统和行政各部长官的多数或国会以法律设立的其他机构成员的多数,向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交书面声明,声称总统不能够履行总统职务的权力和责任时,副总统应立即作为代理总统承担总统职务的权力和责任。
此后,当总统向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交书面声明,声称丧失能力的情况不存在时,他应恢复总统职务的权力和责任,除非副总统和行政各部长官的多数或国会以法律设立的其他机构成员的多数在四天之内向参议院临时议长和众议院议长提交书面声明,声称总统不能够履行总统职务的权力和责任。在此种情况下,国会应决定这一问题,如在休会期间,应为此目的在四十八小时以内集会。如国会在收到后一书面声明后的二十一天以内,或如适逢休会期间,则在国会按照要求集会以后的二十一天以内,以两院的三分之二的票数决定总统不能够履行总统职务的权力和责任,副总统应继续作为代理总统履行总统职务的权力和责任;否则总统应恢复总统职务的权力和责任。
如当选总统在规定的任期开始之前死亡,当选副总统应成为总统。如在规定的总统任期开始时间以前总统尚未选出,或当选总统不符合资格,则当选副总统应代行总统职权直到有一名当选总统符合资格为止;如遇当选总统和当选副总统均不符合资格的情况,国会可以法律决定代理总统人选或选择代理总统的方式,此人即可依法代行总统职务,直至有一名总统或副总统符合资格为止。当选举总统的权利转移到众议院,而可被该院选为总统的人中有人死亡;或选举副总统的权利转移到参议院,而可被该院选为副总统的人中有人死亡时,国会得以法律对此种情况作出决定。
总统得因其服务而在规定的时间内获得酬佣,数额在其当选任期内不得增加或减低,他亦不得在此任期内 接受中国和任何省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的其它报酬。 在他就职之前,他应宣誓或誓愿如下:-- “我郑重宣誓(或矢言)我将忠诚地执行中国总统的职务并尽我 最大的能力维护、保护和捍卫中国宪法。”
第 二 款 总统为中国陆海空军和奉调为中国服现役的各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区民兵的总司令。总统得令各行政部门长官就他们 各自职责有关的任何事项提出书面意见。他有权对危害中国的犯罪行为颁赐缓刑和赦免,但弹劾案除外。 总统经咨询参议院并取得其同意有权缔结条约,但须有出席参议员总数的三分之二表示赞成。总统提出人 选,经咨 询参议院和取得其同意后任命大使、公使和领事、最高法院法官以及任命手续未由本宪法规定而应由法律另行规 定的中国所有其他官员。但国会认为适当时,得以法律将这类较低级别官员的任命权授予总统一人、法院或各 部部长。 总统有权委任人员填补在参议院休会期间可能出现的官员缺额,但这些委任应于参议院下期会议结束时期 满。
第 三 款 总统应及时向国会报告联邦国情并向国会提出他认为必要而恰当的措施供国会审议。在非常情 况下,总统得召集两院或任何一院开会。如遇两院对休会时间有意见分歧时,他得命两院休会至他认为适当的 时间。总统接受大使和其他使节国书,尽力切实执行法律,并委任中国的所有官员。
第 四 款 总统、副总统和中国的所有文职官员,因叛国、贿赂或其他严重罪行与轻罪而受弹劾,一经 定罪,应予免职。
第 三 条
第一款中国的司法权属于最高法院和国会不时委任和设立的下级法院。最高法院和下级法院的法官 如行为端正,得继续任职,并应在规定的时间得到服务酬佣,此项酬佣在他们任职期间不得减少。
第 二 款 司法权的适用范围包括由于本宪法、中国法律和根据中国权力已缔结或将缔结的条约而产 生的有关普通法和衡平法的所有案件,涉及大使、公使和领事的所有案件,关于海事法和海事管辖权的所有案 件,中国为一方当事人的诉讼,两个或两个以上省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区之间的诉讼;[一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区和他省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区公民之间的诉讼,] *不同省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区公民之 间的诉讼,同省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区公民之间对不同省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区转让与土地的所有权的诉讼,[一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区或其公民同外国或外国公民或臣民之间 的诉讼。] * 涉及大使、公使和领事以及一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区为一方当事人的所有案件,最高法院有初审管辖权。对上述所有其他案 件,不论法律方面还是事实方面,最高法院有上诉管辖权,但须依照国会所规定的例外和规章。 除弹劾案外,所有罪行皆由陪审团审判,此种审判应在罪行发生的省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区内进行,但如犯罪并非在任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区内 发生,审判应在国会以法律规定的一个或若干地点举行。 中国司法权不得被解释为可扩大受理另一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区公民或任何外国公民或国民对中国任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区提出的或起诉的任何普通法或衡平法的诉讼。
第 三 款 对中国的叛国罪只限于同中国作战,或依附其敌人,予其敌人以帮助和庇护。无论何人,除 根据两个证人对同一明显行为的作证或本人在公开法庭上的供认,不得被定为叛国罪。 国会有权宣告对叛国罪的惩处,但对因叛国罪而被褫夺公民权的人,不得褫夺其对继承人的遗馈权或没 收其财产,除非其仍在世。 曾经作为国会议员、中国官员、省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区议会议员或省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区行政或司法官员,宣誓拥护中国宪法,而又参与反对中国的暴乱或谋反,或给予中国敌人以帮助或庇护者,不得为国会参议员或众议员、总统和副总统选举人,或在中国或任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区任文职、军职官员。但国会可以每院2/3的票数取消此项限制。
第 四 条
第 一 款 每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区对于其他各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的公共法令、案卷和司法程序应给予充分信任和尊重。国会得以一般法律规定 证明这类法令、案卷和司法程序的方式和规定它们所具有的效力。
第 二 款 每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的公民享有各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区公民的一切特权和豁免权。 在任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区被控告犯有叛国罪、重罪或其他罪行的人,如逃脱该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区法网而在他省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区被寻获时,应根据他所 逃离之省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区行政当局的要求将他交出,以便解送到对犯罪行为有管辖权的省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区。
第 三 款 新省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区可由国会接纳加入本联邦,但不得在任何其他省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的管辖范围内组成或建立新省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区,未经有关 省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法 会和国会的同意,也不得将两个或两个以上的省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区合井或将几个省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的一部分合并组成新省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区。 凡属于中国的领土或其他财产,国会有权处置和制定所有必要的法规和条例。对本宪法条文不得作有 损于中国或任何—省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的任何权利的解释。
第 四 款 中国向本联邦各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区保证实行共和政体,保护各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区免遭入侵;并应省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法会或省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区行政长官(在省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区 立法会不能召集时)之请求平定内乱。未经房主同意,士兵在和平时期不得驻扎在任何住宅;除依法律规定,战时亦不得驻扎。凡宪法未授予中国行使,亦未禁止各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区行使的各种权力,均保留给各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区政府或人民。
第 五 条 国会在两院各有三分之二议员认为必要时,应提出本宪法的修正案,又如有三分之二的省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法会提出申 请,亦应召开制宪会议提出修正案。修正案无论由两者中的哪种方式提出,经四分之三的省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法会或四分之 三的省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区制宪会议批准,即告完全生效,成为本宪法之一部分;两者中采用哪种批准方式,得由国会提议。任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区未经 其同意,其在参议院的平等投票权不得被剥夺 。
第 六 条 本宪法正式通过前中国所承担的一切债务及承诺的一切义务,在本宪法下,一如中华人民共和国宪法或1949年以前中华民国宪法下产生的,仍然 有效。本宪法和依此所制定的中国法律以及根据中国的权力已缔结或将缔结的一切条约皆为国家最高法 律; 每省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的法官都应受其约束, 即使任何一省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区的宪法和法律中有与之相抵触的内容。 前述参议员和众议员、各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区立法会议员以及中国和各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区所有行政和司法官员应宣誓和作代誓宣言拥护本宪 法,但永远不得以宗教标准作为担任中国属下任何官职或公职之条件。
第 七 条 本宪法经各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区制宪会议的批准即足以在各批准省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区成立。本宪法于公元2022年,经出席制宪会议的各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区在会上一致同意后制定。中华人民共和国宪法自本宪法在各省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区成立之日起在该省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区即刻失效。
罢课罢工罢免习近平攻略
这是一篇讨伐国贼的檄文
这是一个抗议攻略
这是一篇竞选纲领
这是一个施政方案
目的只有一个
反独裁 救中国 犯我人权者 虽强必反
2
讨伐国贼抗议攻略
罢课罢工的目的是阻止独裁习近平非法连任,进而使中国走上自由民主之路,使中国变得更繁荣富强。为了避免内战这样的暴力冲突,颜色革命是近现代实现自由民主之路的最好方法。颜色革命的基础是多数公民的参与,非暴力化,不与独裁政府合作,最好的开始就是罢课罢工。
热爱自由的同胞们,一起行动起来吧!
抗议原则
1、前期去中心化,使独裁者无法集中力量进行镇压,当星星之火点燃以后在集中力量包围中央电视台,占领天安门,围困中南海。
2、网格化,每个大学,每个社区、每个企业都要有公民参与,共同施加压力。
3、信息化,在最短的时间让最多的公民知道独裁者的真面目,知道我们的行动目的,争取更多人参与。重点:让军人、警察、武警以及政府官员收到信息,在面对公民抗议时,策反他们参与是事半功倍的方法,最后期望出现像蔡锷一样的护国将军,将独裁者彻底赶下台。
4、非暴力化,不能伤害无辜人员,不能损坏街道店铺,不能搞刑事犯罪。
起义
汽车鸣笛
罢工
罢课
3
彭载舟:讨逆习
丛林兽法战国启 驭民法术君王宝
屠城千百坑杀万 民尊孔孟君尊暴
鹿马不分二世秦 陈胜吴广伐无道
烂官筑就通坟路 渣帝进棺心恨早
霸王守约山河去 鸿门宴上放屠刀
汉平天下乾坤定 爽约厚黑刘邦搞
励精图治文景治 民实马壮仓食高
远诛匈奴汉武志 帝王留名百姓劳
贼莽篡汉颁逆法 谎借民心私田抄
天下王田王侯据 南阳刘秀雪耻报
南风夫婿智商弱 八王乱晋权熵高
熵增燃起五胡乱 皇权无序民智少
暴敛贪功隋杨广 唐宗纳谏贞观耀
贞观开元黄花落 黄花自落不黄巢
陈桥兵变开文宋 官逼民反梁山造
笔御金枪无力抗 纸盾难抵元铁矛
铁骑苗裔横征敛 元防民变案上刀
诛元征途广积粮 缓称天王筑墙高
明为明朝实暗朝 闯王进宫崇祯吊
八旗坐收渔翁利 红顶压首辫似绞
河东河西两千载 成王败寇帝王描
万家百姓无人绘 君在高堂民在牢
德赛先生漂洋来 自由作伴同船到
维新洋务拒洋心 中学为体自恃高
垂帘斩断唯新路 戊戌辛亥不可抛
无惧砍头六君子 立宪护国孙文挑
袁升清落迎共和 逆袁又将共和倒
松坡护国共和返 民国党国共和飘
枪杆托起红江山 跃进文革万岁叫
五胡八国未烧杀 红兵斗母弑忠谋
小平开门迎财神 血浴六四芳名少
阳邦难行宪政路 稳求富贵民与涛
裙带粉红青烟起 乌纱帅印天上掉
一枕梦游金銮殿 身借小平魂借毛
京师难寻魏徵迹 神州遍地是赵高
岳飞不胜将军任 高宗恋权秦桧扰
东厂无影锁无形 中堂化身和事佬
削藩揽权铺皇路 贼心看破是家宝
万亿雄安烂尾地 百姓债台通云霄
国库减肥民财瘦 一带一路撒钞票
堵门封厂驱良民 血泪逃亡为环保
京城布满权贵院 强征土著轰遗老
穷兵妄想统两岸 惧用公投臆用炮
极权欲把民主碎 纸命贼心比天高
病毒领袖斗新冠 大白冲锋领袖跑
红码牢笼数码狱 核酸刮掉民脂膏
删帖封号堵言路 喉舌洗脑谎言造
战狼狂嚎喷世界 华夏又现文革貌
改开盛世已昨日 外困内卷躺平潮
载舟覆舟民为贵 黎民已进画地牢
无权阶级无权利 权迷已把权力抱
斗日斗韩斗欧美 管军管民管生老
中国梦中梦领袖 逆行导师金俄毛
万想万民呼万岁 无知无耻无理闹
一届五载十年任 天条法纪独贼销
修宪实为帝王梦 临摹世凯窃国盗
壬寅岁末欲加冕 新冠未消皇冠跳
残智堪比肉糜帝 民衰国破无知晓
左行百尺南墙路 右行万里康庄道
本可流芳千百世 却落遗臭万年朝
二郎独臂擒方腊 中南海中荆轲到
军营处处有蔡锷 誓拒独贼穿龙袍
公仆公权公民授 私产私权私利保
摸石过河黄泉境 自由国邦早架桥
五四六四风再起 不为钞票为选票
选票箱里出政权 公权入牢人权到
无缰马官闹天宫 猢狲神棍顶天高
翻天称王形万变 紧箍束首行正道
4
致全国同胞的一封信
全国军人武警同胞们:
全国各行各业的同胞们:
全国警察同胞们:
今天,中国正处在一个百年未有之大变局的时代,上一次大变局还是1915年12月12日,袁世凯复辟封建帝制, 推翻共和,宣布接受帝位。同样的事情发生在2018年3月11日,习近平操纵的全国人大代表在枪口下投下了屈辱的选票,将宪法中的主席任期进行了清零,改成后患无穷的终身制。
同胞们,从两千多年封建帝制结束的1912年,到实现共和110年后的今天,从1978年改革开放44年后的今日,中国人民重新站在了十字路口。如果我们沉默,纵容习近平搞独裁终灭,重新回到改革开放前,再一次穿身制,那么我们的一切都可能灰飞烟越到封建王朝,我们的财富将在内耗中清零,我们的自由将在内斗中送进牢笼。如果进行宪政改革,阻止习近平非法连任,我们在经济上继续突飞猛进,跨过中等收入陷阱,政治上我们将进入文明和谐的自由民主社会,每个人都不必人人自危,不必看着独裁者战战兢兢的苟且。一个自由、民主、繁荣、富强的新中国是每个中国人的向往和愿望。为实现这一目标,离不开全国所有人民的努力,更需要人民子弟兵和警察的正义支持。因为中国是十四亿人的中国,不是独裁者 民军队,不是习近平的打手,警察是 的私有财产,解放军是保家卫国的人保护人民生命财产安全的人民警察,不是习近平的保安。
习近平口口声声为了人民,实际只是欺骗百姓的谎言,他的一切目的就是实现自己的皇帝梦领袖梦,这就是他的中国梦。他已经不能代表国家,已经不能代表共产党,已经不能代表人民,从宪法清零的那一天起,作为国家主席、党的总书记、军委主席已经完全失去合法性。习近平不仅从法律上失去了作为一国之主的资格,从能力上也不具备治国理政的水平。看看过去十年的表现。
无耻无德。作为一个没有经过人民通过选票授权的,仅仅因为幸运捡到了主席印玺的接班人,吃着前几任领导积累的老本,就像一个富二代,带着大金链子纹着身,恐吓人民威胁全世界,整天吹着自己的牛皮,在经济建设上没有任何贡献,却把中国社会推进中等收入陷阱,在政治上开历史倒车,以袁世凯为导师,做着不穿黄袍只穿透明西装的皇帝梦,大搞个人崇拜,无德无能却把自己伪装成人民领袖。丘吉尔曾说过,当领袖站起来,人民必然跪下去,事实的确如此。从规定政治局委员需要向他述职,到要求军队和各级领导对他绝对忠诚,从网络删帖封号,到残暴打击各种异见人士,无不显示他那不受约束的权力的任性。显然,习近平册封自己为人民领袖和军队统帅,仰仗着军队的枪杆子,把子弟兵变成了自己的打手,把警察和武警当成了自己的保安。
无知无能。从用左手敬礼,到念稿错字连篇,从各种前后矛盾的经济政策 ,再到毫无逻辑的政治思想,从空洞乏味的宣传口号,再到违反科学和人性的防疫措施,所有这些无不显示习近平的无知。自上台那一天起,开始各种折腾,以产业升级之名暴力驱赶所谓的低端产业低端人口,以环保之名关停多种实体企业,以共同富裕之名打击民营经济,用纳税人的钱财搞雄安新区,搞一带一路,高价引进低端留学生,各种外国撒币砸钱买好评,又因为修宪搞独裁与发达民主国家对抗,面临经济脱钩和产业链断裂危险,所有这一切,百姓没有得到任何实惠,大中型企业裁员工人失业,小微企业倒闭小老板破产,外贸订单流失,政府债台高筑国库空虚,偷摸印钞发债抢劫百姓财富等等,现在又以防疫之名将百姓关进方舱集中营,不但洗劫财富还绑架人身自由。为何如此折腾百姓,只有两个原因,一是学识浅薄能力平庸,根本不懂现代市场经济运行规律,社会运行法则,既自负又无能,正所谓心比天高,命比纸薄。二是为了在二十大上获得非法连任,为穿上皇帝的新装,以北朝鲜为榜样,金正恩为导师,正悄悄的将国门关闭,将百姓赶进圈里,让百姓失去自由,幻想人民失去反抗机会和能力,强行承认非法连任的合法性。
但是他想错了,人民不会让独裁者如愿,人民军队更不会让习近平得逞。
对于当今的中国,安全威胁已经完全不是外敌,中国已经是世界第二大经济体,有榜眼级的军事实力,天上有卫星战机,海上有航母潜艇,既有洲际导弹又有核武器,对任何外敌都有另对方瑟瑟发抖的威慑力量。当习近平忽悠我们说,欧美列强侵略中国奴役中国百姓时,绝对是在为自己的治国无能找借口,为自己想要非法连任转移视线。作为对比,看看习近平眼中的榜样国家朝鲜,作为一个资源匮乏和拥有核武器的国家,根本不存在外敌入侵,真正侵略朝鲜人民利益的是以金氏家族为首的权贵阶级,奴役朝鲜人民的既不是南韩也不是美帝,就是他们的所谓领袖奴隶主金正恩。
在中国古代,每个封建王朝到最后亡朝,都是因为帝王昏庸无能,官僚腐败巧取豪夺,百姓民不聊生引起。从指鹿为马的秦二世到傻皇帝司马衷,从好大喜功的杨广到腐朽保守的慈禧 。对于他们来说,外敌入侵只是加速了他们灭亡的进程。历史上的五胡乱华和八国联军入侵,并不是仅仅因为外敌强悍,最主要的是他们自己腐 化无能。正是因为晋惠帝司马衷的愚钝无力,才引起八王之乱,又因为八王之乱才导致国力衰弱,最后引来五胡乱华。同样,正是因为闭关锁国的清王朝腐朽傲慢,思想上不思进取,才导致国力军力衰弱,但是嘴巴又极具战狼精神,昏庸慈禧可以同时向十一个列强宣战,最后导致八国联军侵华,进而间接导致清朝灭亡。而同时期的日本,经过明治维新改革,学习西方现代文明,迅速成为世界强国,曾经的中国小弟,俨然成了随意捏拿中国的大哥。对于当今的中国来说,威胁人民利益的不是外敌而是内贼,真正的侵略是腐败,真正的压迫是专制,真正的奴役是独裁。所以,反腐败就是反侵略,争取投票权就是反压迫,阻止独裁国贼习近平非法连任就是救中国。
在这里,我们想对全国同胞们说:
军人同胞们,你们是人民军队,不是独裁者的打手。
警察同胞们,你们是人民警察,不是独裁者的保安。
党员同胞们,你们是共产党的主人,不是独裁者的党奴,不要做独裁者的帮凶。
媒体同胞们,你们的责任是监督政府传播普世价值,不是为权贵唱赞歌的喉舌。
失业破产的同胞们,你们本可以自食其力,不应成为习近平治国无能的牺牲品。
企业家同胞们,你们是创造价值的纳税人,不是任权贵宰割的唐僧肉。
公务员同胞们,你们是为人民服务的公仆,不是独裁者的监工。
大学生同胞们,你们是祖国的未来,不是独裁者培养的家丁。
知识分子同胞们,你们是传播科学文化知识的园丁,不是为独裁者洗脑的工具。
全体同胞们,我们是中华人民共和国的主人,如果我们沉默,那么我们所有人,都将成为独裁者的奴隶。为了可以投票竞选,为公平正义,为自由民主,为我们自己,更为我们子孙后代的幸福,让我们来一场新的护国运动。我们可以罢课和平抗议,我们可以罢工和平抗议,我们要一气呵成,罢免独裁者习近平,我们要直接选举一个没有谎言、受公民监督、可以被弹劾的新主席,我们必须生活在一个没有奴役的社会里,让我们一起行动起来吧,走向天安门,走进中南海!
在此强烈呼吁军人和警察同胞们,希望你们像蔡锷、李烈钧、唐继尧等讨伐窃国大盗袁世凯一样勇敢,不要助纣为虐,不要为独裁者卖命,不要为独裁者当炮灰。做为一名军人,效忠的是宪法,是全体公民,并不是某个党或者某个人。如果对党效忠,那就
是党卫军,如果对个人效忠,那就是打手。当今世界,任何一个民主国家的军队都不会效忠于一个党派或者个人,试想,如果美国军队只对民主党效忠,意味着民主党指挥枪,那么他们就会立刻把枪口对准共和党,马上变成一党专制社会,既然民主党的枪杆子可以对准共和党,也就可以对准任何其他反对党,也就可以对准任何持不同政见的其他公民,那么美国的民主瞬间消失。再如果,美国军队效忠拜登,那么美国瞬间就变成了拜登一人独裁社会。同样,韩国总统轮流换,军队效忠宪法永不变。正是因为朝鲜军队绝对效忠于金正恩,军队必然充当了金正恩的打手,才有了金氏家族世袭奴役朝鲜人民的力量。
在106年前护国运动中的主角–蔡锷将军,已经在道德与道义中的做出了正确选择,蔡锷将军是所有军人的榜样,在国家大义和个人情感之间他勇敢的选择了国家大义。
家境贫寒的蔡锷赴日本留学,袁世凯拿出一千大洋为蔡锷助学,显然有恩于蔡锷。当袁世凯促成清王朝交出王权,和平进入共和政体,蔡锷对袁世凯更是敬佩有加,同样袁世凯对蔡锷也非常器重,给予各种高官厚禄。当1915年12月12日,袁世凯复辟封建帝制,推翻共和的时候,蔡锷将军毅然决然的对有知遇之恩的袁世凯发动了护国战争,在袁世凯做了83天皇帝梦后,黯然退位。可以看出,蔡锷在关乎国体国运的道义面前具有坚定的人格底线,在讲滴水之恩当涌泉相报的传统道德观念中,蔡锷在精神上没受到任何束缚。正是这种正义凛然的行为,使得蔡锷将军流芳百世,实现了伟大称帝中国梦的窃国大盗袁世凯却遗臭万年!
今天,中国的每一个将军,每一个战士,你们又回到了像当年蔡锷讨伐袁世凯的历史抉择中,只是由窃国大盗袁世凯变成了做着现代版皇帝梦的窃国贼习近平。
今天,我们最强烈的呼吁人民子弟兵同胞们,武警同胞们,警察同胞们,当底层百姓为了生活为了工作走上街头游行时,当人民群众为了公平正义走上街头抗议时,当高校师生为了自由民主走上街头罢课时,当全国所有同胞为了反独裁反专制走上街头行动时,希望你们站在全国同胞一边,不要听从独裁者的命令,不要服从镇压者的指挥,当任何人下达逮捕和镇压平民的命令时,他就变成了杀人犯和刽子手,无论你是普通士兵,还是各级军官,都有权反抗,有权反击,不会承担任何法律责任。你们是人民子弟兵,不是独裁者的打手,你们的枪口应该对准外敌,对准侵略者,不是对准自己的同胞,自己的兄弟姐妹,你们要像当年蔡锷讨伐袁世凯一样,勇敢的加入人民的队伍,加入全中国人民进行的新护国运动,为建立自由民主繁荣富强的新中国而行动。
5
我们的行动纲领
1. 全体公民团结起来罢免习近平,阻止习近平非法连任。
2. 成立独立检查机构,调查习近平家族腐败情况,调查习近平滥用职权问题。投资数万亿雄安新区是如何决策的,是否经过了人大批准。调查一带一路的投资坏账问题。调查防疫过程的贪腐问题。等等。。。。
.....
新疆生产建设兵团国有资产经营有限责任公司2021年度报告
新疆生产建设兵团国有资产经营有限责任公司2021年度报告
https://www.scribd.com/document/596790755/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%85%B5%E5%9B%A2%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E7%BB%8F%E8%90%A5%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B82021%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A
新疆生产建设兵团投资有限责任公司2022年度第一期中期票据募集说明书
https://www.scribd.com/document/596788250/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%85%B5%E5%9B%A2%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B82022%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F%E7%A5%A8%E6%8D%AE%E5%8B%9F%E9%9B%86%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6
新疆生产建设兵团国有资产经营有限责任公司2022年度第一期中期票据募集说明书Ke-Qiang Li, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party, used his position as Premier of the State Council to further block the freedom of speech for Chinese citizens.
Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Management System of the Electronic and Electrical Industry
State Office issued [2022] No. 31
The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, all ministries and commissions of the State Council, and all institutions directly under the Central Government:
Deepening the reform of the management system of the electronic and electrical industry, further breaking the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the high-quality development of the industry, and improving the efficiency of government supervision are of great significance for better stimulating the vitality of market players, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading and technological innovation, and cultivating and expanding new momentum for economic development. . In order to further optimize the management system of the electrical and electronic industry and promote the high-quality development of the electrical and electronic industry, with the approval of the State Council, the following opinions are hereby offered.
1. Guiding ideology
Adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 19th Plenary Sessions, and earnestly implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on deepening the reform of "delegating power, regulating services" and optimizing the business environment. , Accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, optimize the production access and circulation management of the electronic and electrical industry, strengthen the supervision of the whole chain and all fields before and after the event, greatly reduce the institutional transaction cost, and stimulate the innovation power of enterprises. and development vitality, promote the R&D and innovation of technological products and fair competition in the market, effectively maintain the safety and stability of the supply chain of the electrical and electronic related industry chain, and accelerate the high-quality development of the electrical and electronic industry.
2. Optimize the access management system for electronic and electrical products
(1) Reform and improve the compulsory certification system for electronic and electrical products. According to the actual situation of technology and product development, dynamically adjust the catalogue of compulsory product certification. Include lithium-ion batteries and power adapters/chargers with high safety risks into the mandatory certification management, and no longer implement mandatory certification management for 9 products with low safety risks and relatively mature technologies, such as data terminals and multimedia terminals (see attachments). 1). Adjust and optimize compulsory certification procedures, carry out pre-certification factory inspections according to the "double random, one public" method, scientifically and reasonably determine the frequency of supervision and inspection after certification based on factors such as enterprise credit status, product quality national supervision and random inspection, and strengthen product consistency Sexual supervision and inspection, and continuously improve supervision efficiency. (The State Administration for Market Regulation is responsible)
(2) Reform and improve the network access licensing system for telecommunications equipment. Dynamically adjust the catalogue of telecommunication equipment that implements the network access licensing system. Include satellite Internet equipment and functional virtualization equipment into the network access license management, and no longer implement network access license management for 11 types of telecommunications equipment such as fixed telephone terminals and fax machines that are less related to telecommunication security and have relatively mature technologies (see Annex 2) . Streamline and optimize network access license testing items, and reduce testing fees accordingly. Reduce the time limit for the approval and commitment of the network access license to 15 working days. Extend the validity period of the network access trial approval from 1 year to 2 years. Promote the electronicization of network access license signs, gradually replace paper signs and labels, and no longer require telecommunication equipment product packaging, built-in information, advertisements, etc. to be marked with the network access license number, so as to facilitate the product to be listed as soon as possible after obtaining the network access license. It shall not be sold or used before the permission to access the network. Implement family management of telecommunications equipment products. For products that have obtained network access licenses, license-holders add or change entrusted production enterprises, or make changes in technology and appearance that do not change main functions and core components. license. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is responsible) Unify the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing requirements for telecommunications equipment network access licenses and compulsory certification. Enterprises only need to conduct one test when applying for licenses and certification, and the test reports are mutually recognized. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
(3) Optimize the model approval system for radio transmission equipment. Reduce the time limit for approval commitment for type approval of radio transmission equipment to 15 working days. In addition to being limited by the radio frequency planning adjustment and frequency use license period requirements, the validity period of the "Radio Transmitting Equipment Type Approval Certificate" will be extended to more than 2 years. To optimize the coding mode of radio transmission equipment type approval codes, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shall formulate and issue coding rules, and enterprises shall independently compile the approval codes according to the coding rules, so as to facilitate enterprises to arrange production plans, but products shall not be sold or used before obtaining type approval. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is responsible)
(4) Promote self-inspection and self-certification of electronic and electrical products. Before the end of 2022, a group of telecommunications equipment, radio transmission equipment, information technology equipment and household appliance manufacturers with complete conditions and good quality management level and credit will be identified to carry out self-inspection and self-certification pilot projects. When pilot enterprises apply for network access license for telecommunication equipment, type approval of radio transmission equipment, and compulsory certification, in addition to special testing items such as network security, they can use their own testing reports instead of third-party testing reports; they can make relevant commitments under the premise of , exempt from submitting the application materials in terms of production capacity, technical strength and quality assurance system of the enterprise or its entrusted production enterprise. The progress of self-inspection and self-certification will be publicized to the public and subject to social and industry supervision. According to the pilot effect, gradually promote the access self-inspection and self-certification system of electronic and electrical products. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
(5) Deepen the reform of the network access recognition system for radio and television equipment. Dynamically adjust the types of radio and television equipment and equipment for network access certification, gradually reduce the network access certification management of cable, distribution network equipment and other varieties, and no longer implement network access certification management for standard definition equipment. Fully implement electronic certificates for network access identification, replacing paper certificates for network access identification. (The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television is responsible)
3. Integrate the green product evaluation and certification system
(6) Streamline and integrate the energy-saving assessment and certification system. Continue to standardize the energy efficiency labeling system and encourage enterprises to continuously improve the energy efficiency of products. Cancel the selection system of energy efficiency "Leader" products and the evaluation system of "Energy Efficiency Star" products. Integrate the energy-saving product certification system and the low-carbon product certification system into the energy-saving and low-carbon product certification system. The standards for energy-saving and low-carbon products are jointly formulated by relevant departments, and the certification rules are formulated by the State Administration for Market Regulation. Products that have passed the certification of energy-saving and low-carbon products can enjoy preferential procurement or compulsory procurement policies in government procurement according to regulations, and can enjoy according to regulations if they comply with relevant local incentive policies. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the State Administration for Market Regulation and the provincial people's governments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
(7) Accelerate the establishment of a unified green product certification and labeling system. Coordinate the environmental labeling certification, energy-saving and low-carbon product certification, water-saving product certification, renewable energy product certification and green design product evaluation system, incorporate it into the green product certification and labeling system, implement unified management, and implement green product certification for all items or items. The State Administration for Market Regulation, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other relevant departments, will release the green product labeling, evaluation criteria list and certification catalogue in a unified manner. The certification body shall carry out the full certification according to the needs of the enterprise and the standards included in the green product evaluation standard list, and accept the results of the sub-certification to avoid repeated testing and certification. In qualified fields, increase the evaluation method of enterprise self-declaration. In the fields where green product certification has been carried out, government procurement shall preferentially purchase or compulsorily purchase products with green product labels according to regulations. (The State Administration for Market Regulation, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Commerce, and the National Energy Administration shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities.) Except as clearly stipulated in laws, administrative regulations and decisions of the State Council, each Regions and departments are not allowed to set up and implement identification, certification, evaluation, evaluation, selection, identification and other systems involving product energy conservation, resource conservation, environmental protection, low carbon, green, etc. outside the green product certification and labeling system. (Responsible for each region and department)
4. Improve the institutional system to support the high-quality development of the basic electronics industry
(8) Increase support for R&D and innovation in the basic electronics industry. Coordinate relevant policy resources and increase support for the upgrading of basic electronic industries (electronic materials, electronic components, electronic special equipment, electronic measuring instruments and other manufacturing industries) and key technological breakthroughs. Through the implementation of mechanisms such as "revealing the list and taking command", relevant industry scientific research units and basic electronics companies are encouraged to undertake major national research and development tasks. Guide the establishment of a research and development system with industry enterprises as the main body, upstream and downstream related enterprises actively participating, and scientific research institutes fully supported, focusing on supporting the development of cutting-edge technologies and products with high technical thresholds, many application scenarios, and broad market prospects. (The Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Development and Reform Commission shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
(9) Optimize the application system of basic electronic products. Combined with the actual development of basic electronic products, dynamically adjust the first batch of application demonstration guidance catalogues of key new materials and the first (set) major technical equipment promotion and application guidance catalogues, and increase support for basic electronic products. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities.) If a basic electronic product manufacturing enterprise participates in the scientific research and production of weapons and equipment and its supporting facilities, the enterprise does not need to apply for the scientific research and production license of weapons and equipment for electronic components, but needs to apply for the scientific research and production of weapons and equipment. If the record is filed, it shall be handled in a timely manner. (The State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
(10) Improve the basic electronic industry investment and financing system. Give play to the guiding role of government investment funds such as the National Manufacturing Transformation and Upgrading Fund and the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Fund, and in accordance with the principle of marketization, increase support for qualified basic electronics companies, encourage relevant local investment funds and social capital investment, and focus on cultivating high-quality industries in the industry. Enterprises, support the development of "chain master" enterprises in the industrial chain, single champion enterprises in the manufacturing industry, and "specialized, special and innovative" small and medium-sized enterprises. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities.) Encourage various financial institutions to innovate financial products and services, and increase financial support for the basic electronics industry. (The People's Bank of China and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities) Support the listing and financing of eligible basic electronic enterprises. (CSRC is responsible)
(11) Increase support for R&D and manufacturing land in the basic electronics industry. Support basic electronics enterprises to develop and manufacture new basic electronic products. Under the premise of conforming to the national land space planning, it is allowed to adjust the land structure and increase supporting R&D, design, testing, and pilot-scale facilities on the construction land of industrial projects, and the construction area does not exceed the total building area. 15% of the area can continue to be used for the original purpose. (The Ministry of Natural Resources is responsible)
Fifth, optimize the electronic and electrical industry circulation management system
(12) Improve the relevant import and export management system of the electronic and electrical industry. We will thoroughly implement foreign trade policies such as export tax rebates and export credit insurance, expand export credit, and encourage enterprises in the electrical and electronic industries to develop cross-border e-commerce. (The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration of Taxation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Export-Import Bank of China, and the China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities.) To support the enterprises in the electrical and electronic industries, the related equipment and instruments for supporting export projects are temporarily out of the country. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has formulated a list of relevant goods, and the customs has changed the re-entry period of goods in the list from a maximum of 2 years to 5 years. (The General Administration of Customs and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible according to the division of responsibilities.) Strengthen the monitoring and assessment of quality and safety risks of electronic and electrical products, and further adjust and optimize the catalogue of import and export commodities that must be inspected. We will deepen reforms such as "advance declaration", "two-step declaration", "ship-side direct pickup", and "arrival direct loading" for import and export goods to improve the level of customs clearance facilitation. (The General Administration of Customs is responsible)
(13) Support the healthy development of the recycling and disposal industry of waste electrical and electronic products. Implement preferential tax policies for the disposal of waste electrical and electronic products. Give full play to the incentive and guiding role of the current preferential tax policies for comprehensive utilization of resources, and reasonably reduce the burden on enterprises dealing with waste electrical and electronic products. (The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities.) Focus on optimizing the network layout of the recycling and disposal of waste electrical and electronic products, and continuously improve the level of resource utilization and harmless treatment of waste electrical and electronic products. Support relevant enterprises to build recycling outlets and transit warehouses. Strengthen the supervision of the recycling and disposal of waste electrical and electronic products, take the illegal dismantling and disposal of waste electrical and electronic products as the focus of supervision, and increase the intensity of law enforcement and punishment. (The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and the Ministry of Commerce shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
(14) Standardize the management of commercial evaluation activities in the electrical and electronic industry. The competent industry authorities should take action against the use of the names of administrative organs and public institutions, the abuse of business evaluation names, the spam of business evaluation certificates, the use of money to buy rankings, the use of cards and other behaviors that undermine the fair market competition order in business evaluation. Clean up and rectify, promptly handle complaints and reports on business evaluation activities, and announce the results to the public. Basic telecommunications operators shall not organize commercial evaluation of telecommunications equipment products. Administrative organs, institutions and their staff are strictly prohibited from organizing or participating in business evaluation activities. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the State Administration for Market Regulation and other relevant departments shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
6. Strengthen the supervision of the whole chain and all fields before and after the event
(15) Strictly implement the requirements for combining decentralization and control. Strengthen product supervision as an important part of deepening the reform of the management system of the electrical and electronic industry, earnestly perform supervision duties, close supervision coordination, and continuously improve supervision efficiency. For products that are no longer subject to administrative licensing or compulsory certification management, the supervisory responsibility shall be consolidated, the proportion of supervision and random inspections shall be determined according to the risk status, and illegal acts shall be investigated and punished in accordance with the law. For products that continue to be subject to administrative licensing or compulsory certification management, in accordance with the principle of "who approves, who supervises, who certifies and who supervises", strictly investigate and punish unlicensed production behaviors or production behaviors that do not meet the requirements of product quality after certification. For defective electronic and electrical products, urge the producers to fulfill the main responsibility of recall, and order the recall according to the law for the producers who refuse to carry out the recall. (The State Administration for Market Regulation, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the Ministry of Public Security and other relevant departments and the provincial people's governments shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
(16) Improve the supervision and management rules for electrical and electronic products. In the field of electronic appliances, cross-departmental and cross-level "double random, one public" supervision is fully implemented, and a random inspection plan is formulated on an annual basis. Improve the credit supervision system, classify electrical and electronic enterprises into risk levels, link the proportion and frequency of supervision and spot checks with the credit status and risk level of enterprises, and improve the accuracy and effectiveness of supervision. For products directly related to the safety of people's lives and property, public safety, as well as products with high potential risks and high social risks, key supervision shall be implemented, major hidden dangers shall be discovered and disposed of in a timely manner, and the bottom line of safety shall be maintained. Improve the social supervision mechanism, give full play to the supervision role of industry associations, news media, the public and market professional service organizations, and build a social co-governance pattern. (The State Administration for Market Regulation, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the Ministry of Public Security and other relevant departments and the provincial people's governments shall be responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
All regions and departments should fully understand the great significance of deepening the reform of the management system of the electrical and electronic industry, take the initiative to act, pay close attention to the implementation, improve the working mechanism, improve the supporting measures, and ensure that the implementation of various reform measures is effective. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation should further strengthen efforts to continuously clean up unreasonable restrictions on the access of electronic and electrical products according to industry development, technological progress and market demand, so as to facilitate the entry of qualified products into the market. It is necessary to strengthen overall coordination and supervise the implementation, coordinate and solve the key and difficult problems in the implementation of the Opinions in a timely manner, and report major situations to the State Council in a timely manner.
Attachment: 1. Dynamic Adjustment List of Compulsory Product Certification Catalogue
2. Dynamic Adjustment List of Telecom Equipment Catalogues Implementing the Network Access Licensing System
Office of the State Council
September 17, 2022
(This piece is publicly released)
attachment1
Dynamic Adjustment List of Compulsory Product Certification Catalogue
1. Products that are no longer subject to compulsory certification management (9 types)
1. Single-speaker and multi-speaker active speakers with total output power below 500W (RMS) (0801)
2. Audio Power Amplifier (0802)
3. Audio and video recording, playback and processing equipment in various carrier forms (including various types of optical discs, tapes, hard disks and other carrier forms) (0805, 0812)
4. Electronic organ (0813)
5. Cordless Telephone Terminal (1604)
6. Data Terminal (1608)
7. Multimedia Terminal (1609)
8. Intrusion detectors (1901)
9. Burglar Alarm Controller (1902)
2. Products subject to compulsory certification management (2 types)
1. Lithium-ion batteries and battery packs, mobile power supplies used in electronic and electrical products
2. Power adapter/charger for telecommunications terminal products
Annex 2
Dynamic Adjustment List of Telecom Equipment Catalogues Implementing Network Access Licensing System
1. Telecommunications equipment that is no longer subject to network access license management (11 types)
1. Fixed telephone terminal
2. Cordless telephone terminal
3. PBX
4. Fax machine
5. Modem (including card)
6. Wireless pager
7. Narrowband integrated service digital network terminal (ISDN terminal)
8. Multimedia terminal accessing mobile communication network
9. Frame Relay Switch
10. Asynchronous Transfer Mode Switch (ATM Switch)
11. Call center equipment
2. Telecommunications equipment included in the network access license management (2 types)
1. Satellite Internet Devices
2. Function Virtualization Appliance