On March 12, 2018, China Radiao International used the news from source China Military Online (81.cn / 中华人民共和国国防部网 / 中国军网)—the official news portal of the Ministry of National Defense—featured Major General Zhu Fuhai (朱富海), a delegate to the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC / 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会) representing the PLA Air Force (PLAAF / 中国人民解放军空军).
Presented as a parliamentary delegate, Zhu’s institutional titles reveal his actual operational mandate: Political Commissar of Unit 95861 of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (中国人民解放军95861部队)—the central flight test and training base of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF / 中国人民解放军空军)—and later Deputy Director of the PLAAF Political Work Department (中国人民解放军空军政治工作部副主任).
His dual role as a high-ranking PLAAF political commissar and national lawmaker exposes the structural reality of Beijing’s governance: the complete absence of the separation of powers, where active-duty officers sit in parliament to align legislative strategy with Military-Civil Fusion (MCF / 军民融合) and absolute party control under the Chairman Responsibility System of the Central Military Commission (中央军委主席负责制).
PRE-2020 OPERATIONAL ASSIGNMENT
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) |
| (中国人民解放军空军) |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
v
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| PLA Unit 95861 (中国人民解放军95861部队) |
| Air Force Flight Test & Training Base |
| Political Commissar (政治委员) Zhu Fuhai |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
| Promotion / Institutional Elevation
v
POST-2020 SENIOR COMMAND ROLE
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| PLAAF Political Work Department |
| (中国人民解放军空军政治工作部) |
| Deputy Director (副主任) Zhu Fuhai |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|
+--------------------+--------------------+
| |
v v
+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+
| Next-Gen Aerial Warfare Testing | | Parliamentary Power & Control |
| - Hypersonic, Stealth, & Swarms | | - 13th NPC Delegate |
| - 3D Operations (War-Test-Train) | | - Oversees Judicial & State Reports|
| - MCF Tech Exploitation | | - Enforces CMC Chairman System |
+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+
Chronological Analysis of Institutional Career and Directives
The recorded statements of Zhu Fuhai across state media clarify how military testing priorities intersect with party loyalty:
March 12, 2018 (China Military Online Report): Speaking as Political Commissar of PLA Unit 95861 operating an Air Force Flight Test & Training Base, and an NPC delegate, Zhu explicitly laid out the PLAAF’s technological roadmap. He asserted that as a high-tech strategic service branch, the Air Force must execute MCF strategies to acquire core technologies across four key vectors: long-range capabilities, artificial intelligence (智能化), stealth (隐身化), unmanned platforms (无人化), and hypersonics (高超声速).
Zhu detailed that Unit 95861 was driving operational innovation by establishing a “three-in-one” (三维一体) integrated link linking combat, testing, and training (作战、试验、训练). To achieve this, he advocated constructing multi-dimensional telemetry and control systems to form an integrated testing architecture spanning long, medium, and close ranges.
May 15, 2020 (Liberation Army Daily Report): Zhu was identified by A report published by the Liberation Army Daily (Jiefangjun Bao / 解放军报) as Deputy Director of the PLAAF Political Work Department (中国人民解放军空军政治工作部副主任). Commenting on the political alignment of military delegates, Zhu stated that implementing the CMC Chairman Responsibility System required military officers to possess “flawless operational capabilities” (过硬本领) capable of immediate deployment and total victory (召之即来、来之能战、战之必胜).
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| CHRONOLOGICAL OPERATIONAL & LEGISLATIVE TIMELINE |
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| DATE / YEAR | INSTITUTIONAL TITLE | OPERATIONAL & LEGISLATIVE DIRECTIVES |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| March 2018 | Political Commissar, PLA Unit 95861 | Addressed NPC; called for MCF integration in hypersonic, |
| | (95861部队政委 / 空军试验训练基地) | stealth, AI, and unmanned aerial weapon systems. |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| March 12, 2018 | Profiled by *China Military Online* | Outlined the "combat-test-train" integrated framework |
| | (中国军网) | and multi-dimensional telemetry testing networks. |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| May 15, 2020 | Deputy Director, PLAAF Political Work | Published in *Liberation Army Daily* (*解放军报*); |
| | Department (空军政治工作部副主任) | mandated total obedience under CMC Chairman System. |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
Systemic Implications: The Exploitation of MCF and Parliament
Zhu Fuhai’s dual role exposes two structural mechanisms within the Chinese party-state:
MCF as a Mechanism for Military Superiority: At PLA Unit 95861, Zhu did not treat Military-Civil Fusion as a commercial policy, but as a mechanism to siphon civilian research into next-generation air weapons. By linking civilian tech sectors to military flight testing, the PLAAF seeks to bypass traditional R&D bottlenecks in stealth, AI swarms, and hypersonic glide vehicles.
Subversion of Legislative Independence: As an active-duty general sitting in the National People’s Congress, Zhu votes on state budgets and reviews civilian judicial reports while maintaining absolute obedience to the Central Military Commission. This dual role removes the military from civilian parliamentary control, using legislative power to secure state resources for high-tech aerial warfare.
Dual-Purpose Exploitation: How the PLA Leverages Poverty Alleviation to Advance Military-Civil Fusion in Strategic Borderlands
A official meeting report published by the Subei County government (Subei Fabu / 肃北发布, March 24, 2017) exposes how the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) utilizes government-mandated “poverty alleviation” (扶贫) and “double support” (双拥) programs to establish military control and build infrastructure under the guise of civil development.
The report documents a formal symposium on “Military-Civil Co-construction and Assistance” (军民共建帮扶座谈会) between PLA Unit 95861 (中国人民解放军95861部队)—the PLAAF Flight Test and Training Base—and Subei Mongol Autonomous County (肃北蒙古族自治县) in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. The proceedings were led by Zhu Fuhai (朱富海), then Political Commissar of PLA Unit 95861, and Zhang Lidong (张立东), the local Communist Party Secretary.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| THE POVERTY ALLEVIATION & MCF DUAL-USE EXTLECTION PIPELINE |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| PLA UNIT 95861 (PLAAF Flight Test & Training Base, Dingxin) |
| - Commander/Political Commissar: Zhu Fuhai |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
+------------------+------------------+
| |
v v
+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+
| CIVIC & ETHNIC PENETRATION | | INFRASTRUCTURE & DUAL-USE EXTRACTION|
| - Targeted village: Hongliuxia | | - General Aviation Airport |
| - Leverage "poverty alleviation" | | - Regional transport networks |
| - Political & Defense Education | | - Tourism & land exploitation |
+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+
|
v
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| RESULT: MILITARY-CIVIL FUSION (MCF) INTEGRATION |
| Local civilian assets, airspace, and infrastructure are subordinated to military operational expansion. |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Chronological Context of Key Officials
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| OFFICIAL ROLES AND INSTITUTIONAL TIMELINE |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| DATE | INDIVIDUAL / INSTITUTION | OPERATIONAL / LEGISLATIVE ACTION |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| March 2017 | Zhu Fuhai (朱富海), Political Commissar, | Led PLA Unit 95861 delegation to Subei County; framed |
| | PLA Unit 95861 | poverty assistance around Military-Civil Fusion (MCF). |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| March 2018 | Zhu Fuhai, 13th NPC Delegate | Spoke at NPC; advocated MCF for stealth, hypersonics, |
| | | AI, and "combat-test-train" 3D integration. |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| May 2020 | Zhu Fuhai, Deputy Director, | Published in *Liberation Army Daily*; demanded loyalty |
| | PLAAF Political Work Department | and combat readiness under the CMC Chairman System. |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
Key Structural Elements Exposed in the Official Report
1. Subordinating Civilian Infrastructure to Military Logistics
In the report, County Party Secretary Zhang Lidong explicitly petitions PLA Unit 95861 to apply its “political, military, and technological advantages” to advance local economic projects—specifically general aviation airport construction (通用航空机场建设), regional transport infrastructure, and land development.
The Dual-Use Strategy: Under the framework of Military-Civil Fusion (MCF / 军民融合), civilian infrastructure projects like regional airstrips and transit corridors in key geographical areas are built to military specifications, ensuring they can be requisitioned for PLAAF test flights, logistics, and combat ops.
2. Leveraging Minority Autonomous Regions for Operational Buffer
Subei is a vast, sparsely populated Mongol autonomous county bordering Mongolia, strategically situated near the PLAAF’s primary test grid (Dingxin Air Base). By pairing PLA Unit 95861 directly with Hongliuxia Village (红柳峡村):
The military secures local political compliance under the banner of “ethnic unity” (民族团结) and “alleviating poverty.”
Community resistance to military airspace expansion, weapons testing, or land preemption is neutralized by embedding political officers into local governance.
3. Poverty Alleviation as a Cover for Defense Expansion
Zhu Fuhai’s remarks link poverty mitigation directly to the military’s broader mandate: executing directives from the Xi Jinping administration regarding the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路) and national defense mobilization. Rather than representing traditional public charity, the PLA’s involvement in local poverty projects serves as an entry vector to align municipal budgets, civil aviation planning, and local administrative bodies with the military’s operational priorities.
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